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Systematic screening of chromatin factors identifies divergent roles across haematopoiesis and leukaemia [scRNA-Seq]

ABSTRACT: Cellular differentiation-trajectories require extensive alterations in chromatin structure and function, elicited by a diverse array of chromatin-factors (CFs). Using haematopoiesis as a model-system, we combined bulk ex vivo and single-cell in vivo CRISPR screens to comprehensively characterise the role of CF families in cell-fate decisions. We uncover marked lineage specificities for many CFs, dissecting specific CF-dependencies in vivo at single-cell resolution. This highlights functional diversity among related CFs (i.e. BAF-subcomplexes, MLL-methyltransferases), but also reveals functional redundancy among unrelated Repressive-complexes that restrain excessive myeloid differentiation. Epigenetic-profiling, molecularly explains CF lineage-dependencies, identifying differentiation stage-specific interactions between individual CFs and lineage-determining Transcription Factors (TFs). Intriguingly, non-canonical BAF remodeler disruption abrogates myeloid-TF function generating a pre-leukaemia phenotype. Screening CF functions in leukemia, we show that leukaemia cells abrogate normal CF function, restraining differentiation trajectories by engaging in novel CF-TF interactions that suggest potential therapeutic avenues. Together, our work greatly elucidates the role of CFs and their TF-partners across normal and malignant haematopoiesis.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE213511 | GEO | 2023/05/23

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:In vitro cultures of primary cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), the major extracellular matrix (ECM)-producing cells of the heart, are used to determine molecular mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis. However, the supraphysiologic stiffness of tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) automatically triggers the conversion of CFs into an activated myofibroblast-like state, and serial passage of the cells results in the induction of replicative senescence. These dramatic phenotypic switches confound interpretation of experimental data obtained with cultured CFs. In an attempt to circumvent TCPS-induced activation and senescence of CFs, we utilized poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels as cell culture platforms with low and high stiffness formulations to mimic healthy and fibrotic cardiac ECM, respectively. As hypothesized, low hydrogel stiffness converted activated CFs into a quiescent state with reduced abundance of a-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA)-containing stress fibers. Unexpectedly, lower substrate stiffness concomitantly augmented CF senescence, marked by elevated senescence-associated b-galactosidase (SA-b-Gal) activity and increased expression of p16 and p21, which are cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors and markers of senescence. Using dynamically stiffening hydrogels with phototunable crosslinking capabilities, we demonstrate that substrate-induced CF senescence is partially reversible. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed widespread transcriptional reprogramming of CFs cultured on low stiffness hydrogels, with a dramatic reduction in the expression of profibrotic genes encoding ECM proteins, and an attendant increase in expression of NF-kB-responsive inflammatory genes that typify the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Our findings further demonstrate that alterations in matrix stiffness profoundly impact CF cell state transitions, and suggest mechanisms by which CFs change phenotype in vivo depending on the stiffness of the myocardial microenvironment to which they are exposed.

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Systematic screening of chromatin factors identifies divergent roles across haematopoiesis and leukaemia [scRNA-Seq]

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