Dataset Information

Enniatin B and beauvericin prevailing in fish feed affect intestinal cell function and hematological processes in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) after acute exposure

ABSTRACT: Unintentional use of mold-infested plant-based feed ingredients are sources of mycotoxins in fish feeds. The presence of the emerging mycotoxins ENNB and BEA in Norwegian commercial fish feeds and plant-based feed ingredients has raised concerns regarding the health effects on farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmon salar). Atlantic salmon pre-smolts were exposed to a non-lethal single-dose of BEA and ENNB, and total RNA sequencing of the intestine and liver was carried out to evaluate gut health and identify possible hepatological changes after a single-dose dietary exposure. ENNB and BEA did not give acute toxicity, however ENNB caused the onset of pathways linked to acute intestinal inflammation and BEA exposures caused the onset of hepatic hematological disruption. The prevalence and concentration of ENNB found in today's commercial feed could affect the fish health if consumed over a longer time-period.

ORGANISM(S): Salmo salar

PROVIDER: GSE213817 | GEO | 2022/12/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

ACCESS DATA

Dataset's files

Source:

			Action	DRS
		Other

Items per page:

1 - 1 of 1

Similar Datasets

Project description:Current commercially available feeds for salmon are predominantly made of plant ingredients, with consequent changes to the composition and contents of a range of nutrients and other components in the diet. There are concerns that, with these major changes in raw materials, new feeds will affect not only the composition and contents of nutrients, but also the bioavailability and, combined with the limited knowledge of micronutrient requirements for Atlantic salmon, this might impact growth performance and health of the fish. The present study investigated the effects of graded levels of a micronutrient package supplemented to feeds formulated with low levels of marine ingredients and fed to diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon throughout the freshwater phase. Specifically, fish were fed three diets containing low levels of FM and FO and identical in formulation other than being supplemented with 3 levels (L1, 100 %; L2, 200 % and L3, 400 %) of a micronutrient mix formulated as a modification of current nutrient levels reported for salmon. Duplicate groups of diploid and triploid parr were fed the experimental diets from around 30 g to seawater transfer and the effects on growth performance, feed efficiency, biochemical composition, liver histology, hepatic gene expression (transcriptome) and smoltification efficiency determined. Microarray analysis revealed that the hepatic transcriptome profile of diploid fish fed diet L2 was more similar to that observed in triploids fed diet L3 than to those fed L2, suggesting that micronutrient requirements of triploid salmon may differ from levels accepted in diploid salmon. Different levels of micronutrient supplementation affected the expression of key genes involved in lipid metabolism. In particular sterol biosynthesis pathways (steroid and terpenoid backbone synthesis) were down-regulated in both L2-fed diploids and L3-fed triploids when compared with diet L1-fed diploids and triploids, respectively. Gene sets analysis showed an up-regulation of genes involved in immune processes in triploid salmon fed diet L3. Another biological category affected by diet in triploid salmon was genetic information processing. In fish fed diet L3 down-regulation of RNA degradation, proteasome, RNA polymerase, spliceosome and ribosome was observed, suggesting a decrease in protein turnover in this group, which may indicate a decrease in energy expenditure. In addition, one-carbon metabolism was affected by diet in diploid and triploid salmon.

Project description:Black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFL) from Hermetia illucens is a promising alternative protein source in diets for farmed fish. The larvae can efficiently convert low-value organic material into high quality protein in a production cycle with low arable land and freshwater inputs. A few recent studies have shown that BSFL is a suitable protein source for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in smaller controlled experiments. However, industry-relevant field trials conducted under large scale near-commercial conditions over a longer period are lacking. In this study, a feeding trial was performed to evaluate the impact of BSFL on growth performance and health of Atlantic salmon during the grow out phase in seawater, in a commercial site in Vestland county, Norway. A total of 320,000 post-smolt Atlantic salmon were distributed into six duplicate sea cages and fed one of three diets (commercial-like control diet and two test diets partially replacing the protein content of the control diet with 4 % and 8 % defatted BSFL meal) for 21 weeks, until a relevant commercial slaughter size of 4.5-5.0 kg was reached. Health parameters were assessed including histology of the distal intestine (DI), in addition to DI microbiota identification (by 16s rRNA-seq) and salmon RNA-seq of DI and head kidney (HK). The results showed that the inclusion of BSFL meal supported growth performance and had no adverse effect on gut health. The beta diversity of the distal intestine microbiota and the relative abundance of families Lactobacillaceae and the chitinolytic Bacillaceae increased in the fish fed the BSFL diets. Additionally, no histopathological changes were attributable to BSFL meal intake. Results from RNA-seq in DI revealed that BSFL inclusion modulates metabolic processes associated with lipids, the response to estrogens, the activity of immune receptors (to chemokines), phagocytosis and extracellular vesicles. Based on these results, black soldier fly larvae meal is a suitable alternative protein ingredient in inclusions of up to at least 8 % for Atlantic salmon under industrial fish farming conditions.

Dataset Information

Enniatin B and beauvericin prevailing in fish feed affect intestinal cell function and hematological processes in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) after acute exposure

Dataset's files

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets