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Long-term NAD+ supplementation prevents the progression of age-related hearing loss in mice

ABSTRACT: Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is the most common sensory disabling condition associated with aging in humans. Yet, there are still no approved measures for preventing or treating this debilitating condition. With its slow progression, continuous and safe treatment approaches are critical for ARHL treatment. Nicotinamide Riboside (NR), a NAD+ precursor, is well-tolerated even for long-term use and is already shown effective in various disease models including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease. However, its beneficial impact on ARHL is not known. In this study, we investigated transcriptomic profile in the cochlea of the mice (mtKeima strain) that are treated with NR for 10 months vs. non-treated.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE213994 | GEO | 2023/09/20

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder. Clinical trials to identify agents to treat AD have failed, and its underlying molecular pathology and etiology remain elusive. Neuroinflammation is thought to play a key role in the progression of AD. Emerging evidence has identified lower Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels as a major factor in neurodegeneration, especially in AD. NAD+ is an important metabolite in all human cells, as it is at the convergence of many central processes in cellular and mitochondrial maintenance, including DNA repair and mitophagy (the degradation of damaged mitochondria). Our previous work found that treatment of 3xTgAD mice with an NAD+ precursor, nicotinamide riboside (NR), can improve key AD features including tau phosphorylation and learning deficits in mice. Here we used the APP/PS1 AD mouse model to interrogate the effect of NR on neuroinflammation. Microarray analysis revealed major changes in pathways and genes associated with inflammation and the APP/PS1 mice had lower NAD+ levels than WT mice. Thus, seven months old mice were treated with NR for five months and their NAD+/NADH ratio increased. Brain neuroinflammation decreased as determined by decreased activation of astrocytes and microglia, decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the brains of the APP/PS1 mice. NR decreased neuroinflammation by lowering the NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB pathways. NR also attenuated DNA damage and apoptosis in the AD mouse brains. NR dramatically decreased senescence in the hippocampus and cortex of AD mice, relative to controls. Recent studies suggest that cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) activation are associated with DNA damage and senescence. cGAS-STING was activated in AD mice and decreases after NR treatment. Suggesting that NR can diminish neuroinflammation and senescence through the cGAS-STING pathway. NR treatment also greatly improved cognition and synaptic function in the APP/PS1 mice. We propose that the cGAS-STING pathway should be evaluated as a potential novel therapeutic target in AD.

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Long-term NAD+ supplementation prevents the progression of age-related hearing loss in mice

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