Divergent outcomes of anti-PD-L1 treatment coupled with host-intrinsic differences in TCR repertoire and distinct T cell activation states in responding versus non-responding tumors
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE214348 | GEO | 2022/10/10
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment; however, the responses to ICI treatment are highly variable in different individuals and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.
2023-03-17 | GSE227404 | GEO
Project description:Divergent outcomes of anti-PD-L1 treatment coupled with host-intrinsic differences in TCR repertoire and distinct T cell activation states in responding versus non-responding tumors
| PRJNA885044 | ENA
Project description:Background: Anti-tumor immunity is highly heterogeneous between individuals; however, underlying mechanisms remain elusive, despite their potential to improve personalized cancer immunotherapy. Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) vary significantly in immune infiltration and therapeutic responses between patients, demanding a mouse model with appropriate heterogeneity to investigate mechanistic differences. Methods: We developed a unique HNSCC mouse model to investigate underlying mechanisms of heterogeneous anti-tumor immunity. This model system may provide a better control for tumor-intrinsic and host-genetic variables, thereby uncovering the contribution of the adaptive immunity to tumor eradication. We employed single-cell T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing coupled with single-cell RNA sequencing to identify the difference in TCR repertoire of CD8 tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and the unique activation states linked with different TCR clonotypes. Results: We discovered that genetically identical wild-type recipient mice responded heterogeneously to the same SCC tumors orthotopically transplanted into the buccal mucosa. While tumors initially grew in 100% of recipients and most developed aggressive tumors, ~25% of recipients reproducibly eradicated tumors without intervention. Heterogeneous anti-tumor responses were dependent on CD8 T cells. Consistently, CD8 TILs in regressing tumors were significantly increased and more activated. Single-cell TCR-sequencing revealed that CD8 TILs from both growing and regressing tumors displayed evidence of clonal expansion compared with splenic controls. However, top TCR clonotypes and TCR specificity groups appear to be mutually exclusive between regressing and growing TILs. Furthermore, many TCRa/TCRb sequences only occur in one recipient. By coupling single-cell transcriptomic analysis with unique TCR clonotypes, we found that top TCR clonotypes clustered in distinct activation states in regressing vs. growing TILs. Intriguingly, the few TCR clonotypes shared between regressors and progressors differed greatly in their activation states, suggesting a more dominant influence from tumor microenvironment than TCR itself on T cell activation status. Conclusions: We reveal that intrinsic differences in the TCR repertoire of TILs and their different transcriptional trajectories may underlie the heterogeneous anti-tumor immune responses in different hosts. We suggest that anti-tumor immune responses are highly individualized and different hosts employ different TCR specificities against the same tumors, which may have important implications for developing personalized cancer immunotherapy.
2021-01-13 | GSE164153 | GEO
Project description:Rationale: TCR-T cell therapy plays a critical role in the treatment of malignant cancers. However, it is unclear how TCR-T cells are affected by PD-L1 molecule in the tumor environment. We performed an in-depth evaluation on how differential expressions of tumor PD-L1 can affect the functionality of T cells. Methods: We used MART-1-specific TCR-T cells (TCR-TMART-1), stimulated with MART-127-35 peptide-loaded MEL-526 tumor cells, expressing different proportions of PD-L1, to perform cellular assays and high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing. Results: Different clusters of activated or cytotoxic TCR-TMART-1 responded divergently when stimulated with tumor cells expressing different percentages of PD-L1 expression. Compared to control T cells, TCR-TMART-1 were more sensitive to exhaustion, and secreted not only pro-inflammatory cytokines but also anti-inflammatory cytokines with increasing proportions of PD-L1+ tumor cells. The gene profiles of chemokines were modified by increased expression of tumor PD-L1, which concurrently downregulated pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory transcription factors. Furthermore, increased expression of tumor PD-L1 showed distinct effects on different inhibitory checkpoint molecules (ICMs). In addition, there was a limited correlation between the enrichment of cell death signaling in tumor cells and T cells and increased tumor PD-L1 expression. Conclusion: Overall, though the effector functionality of TCR-T cells was suppressed by increased expression percentages of tumor PD-L1 in vitro, scRNA-seq profiles revealed that both the anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory responses were triggered by a higher expression of tumor PD-L1. This suggests that the sole blockade of tumor PD-L1 might inhibit not only the anti-inflammatory response but also the pro-inflammatory response in the complicated tumor microenvironment. Thus, the outcome of PD-L1 intervention may depend on the final balance among the highly dynamic and heterogeneous immune regulatory circuits.
| S-EPMC7978322 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background Skeletal morbidity in cancer patients has a major impact on quality of life and preserving bone health while improving outcomes is an important goal of modern antitumor treatment strategies. Despite their widespread use in early disease stages, the effects of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) on the skeleton are still poorly defined. Here, we initiated a comprehensive investigation of the impact of ICI on bone turnover by longitudinal assessment of bone turnover markers (BTM) in cancer patients and by validation in a novel bioengineered 3D model of bone remodeling. Methods Serum markers of bone resorption (C-terminal telopeptide, CTX) and formation (procollagen type I N-propeptide, PINP; and osteocalcin, OCN) were measured before each ICI application (PD1 inhibitors, PD1i or PD-L1 inhibitors, PD1i) for 6 months or until disease progression in patients with advanced cancer and no evidence of bone metastases. To validate the in vivo results, we evaluated osteoclast (OC) and osteoblast (OB) differentiation upon treatment with ICI. In addition, their effect on bone remodeling was assessed by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and proteomics analysis in a dynamic 3D model of the bone multicellular unit (BMU). Results The longitudinal assessment of BTM revealed a significant decrease in CTX levels after 3 weeks, followed by a return to baseline levels within 3 months. In contrast, serum levels of PINP and OCN gradually increased from baseline to the last postbaseline assessment. In vitro, ICI impaired the maturation of preosteoclasts by inhibiting STAT3/NFATc1 signaling, but not JNK, ERK and AKT; while lacking any direct effect on osteogenesis. However, using our novel bioengineered 3D bone model, which enables the simultaneous differentiation of OB and OC precursor cells, we confirmed the uncoupling of the OC/OB activity upon ICI treatment by demonstrating impaired OC maturation along with increased OB differentiation. Conclusion Our study indicates that the inhibition of the PD1/PD-L1 signaling axis interferes with the OB/OC coupling of bone turnover and may potentially exert a protective effect on bone by impairing the differentiation OCs and indirectly promoting osteogenesis.
2024-05-21 | PXD047604 | Pride
Project description:Temporal analysis of T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire has been used to monitor treatment-induced changes in antigen-specific T cells in patients with cancer. However, lack of experimental model that allows the temporal analysis of TCR repertoire in same individual in homogeneous population limit the understanding of causal relationship between changes in TCR repertoire and antitumor responses. A bilateral tumor model, in which tumor cells were inoculated into the bilateral backs of mice, can be used for temporal analysis in TCR repertoire. In this study, we examined the prerequisite for this strategy: TCR repertoire are conserved between the bilateral tumor with same growth rate. The bilateral tumors with equivalent tumor size and draining lymph nodes (dLN) were collected 13 days after the tumor inoculation to analyze the TCR repertoire of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Most of the tumor-infiltrating T-cell clones were highly conserved between the bilateral tumors, and the extent of clonal expansion was equivalent. In addition, the similarity between bilateral tumors were equivalent to the heterogeneity in one side of the tumor. The similarity of TCR repertoire in the bilateral dLN was markedly lower than that of the tumor, suggesting that tumor-reactive T-cell clones induced independently in each dLN were integrated during recirculation and then infiltrated the tumor. These findings suggest that our bilateral tumor model is suitable for temporal monitoring of TCR repertoire to evaluate temporal and treatment-induced changes in tumor-reactive T-cell clones.
2021-05-12 | GSE174225 | GEO
Project description:TCR repertoire sequencing from WT and Malt1PD mice
| PRJEB34151 | ENA
Project description:Wild type thymi were transplanted into wild recipients (turnover) or Rag2-/-gc-/- mice (autonomy) and, after 28 days of transplant, thymocytes (double negative 3 and 4, immature CD8 single positive and CD4 CD8 double positive) were sorted and single cell RNAseq and TCR repertoire analysis performed
2021-04-12 | GSE160135 | GEO
Project description:Defects in T cell responses against pathogens and reduced diversity of TCRs have been described at both extremes of the life span. Yet, we still lack information on how Ag-specific T cell populations are maintained and/or altered from birth to old age. In this study, for the first time to our knowledge, we provide insight into Ag-specific TCR repertoire changes over the life span at the single-cell level. We have examined the TCR diversity of the primary CD8(+) T cell response to the immunodominant HSV-1 epitope HSV glycoprotein B 495-502 (HSV gB(498-505); SSIEFARL) (gB-8p) in neonatal, adult, and old C57BL/6 mice. The global distinctive features of the gB-8p-specific TCR repertoire were preserved in mice of different ages. However, both old and especially neonatal mice exhibited significant decreases in TCR diversity compared with that of adult mice. Still, although the neonatal Ag-specific repertoire comprised expectedly shorter germline-biased CDR3? lengths, the repertoire was surprisingly complex, and only a minority of responding cells lacked random nucleotide additions. Changes with aging included increased use of the already dominant TCRV?10 family, a trend for lower content of the TCR containing the germline WG motif in the CDR3, and a remarkable sharing of one dominant clonotype between individual old mice, implying operation of selective mechanisms. Implications for the rational design of vaccines for neonates and the elderly are discussed.
| S-EPMC4119821 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Although common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) has long been considered as a group of primary Ab deficiencies, growing experimental data now suggest a global disruption of the entire adaptive immune response in a segment of patients. Oligoclonality of the TCR repertoire was previously demonstrated; however, the manner in which it relates to other B cell and T cell findings reported in CVID remains unclear. Using a combination approach of high-throughput TCR? sequencing and multiparametric flow cytometry, we compared the TCR repertoire diversity between various subgroups of CVID patients according to their B cell immunophenotypes. Our data suggest that the reduction in repertoire diversity is predominantly restricted to those patients with severely reduced class-switched memory B cells and an elevated level of CD21(lo) B cells (Freiburg 1a), and may be driven by a reduced number of naive T cells unmasking underlying memory clonality. Moreover, our data indicate that this loss in repertoire diversity progresses with advancing age far exceeding the expected physiological rate. Radiological evidence supports the loss in thymic volume, correlating with the decrease in repertoire diversity. Evidence now suggests that primary thymic failure along with other well-described B cell abnormalities play an important role in the pathophysiology in Freiburg group 1a patients. Clinically, our findings emphasize the integration of combined B and T cell testing to identify those patients at the greatest risk for infection. Future work should focus on investigating the link between thymic failure and the severe reduction in class-switched memory B cells, while gathering longitudinal laboratory data to examine the progressive nature of the disease.
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