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XBP1s cutnrun

ABSTRACT: Epithelial mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) is a complex cellular reprogramming event that plays a major role in tissue homeostasis to infections and injury. Recently we elucidated a mechanism wherein the unfolded protein response (UPR) triggers EMP through the inositol-requiring protein 1 (IRE1α)–X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) axis, enhancing glucose shunting to protein N glycosylation producing ER stress. To better the genomic targets for the IRE1-XBP1 pathway that activate compensatory metabolic changes in EMP, we systematically identified the genomic XBP1 targets using Cleavage Under Targets and Release Using Nuclease (CUT&RUN) of a FLAG-epitope tagged XBP1 in RSV infection. CUT&RUN identified 7,086 enriched binding sites mapped to 4,827 genes; of these XBP1 binds to 2,119 sites within 1 kb of the transcription start sites. Interestingly, XBP1 binds to 322 superenhancers associated with RHO GTPase signaling that were associated with largely inert gene expression. By contrast, XBP1 binds to proximal promoters inducing coordinate mRNA expression of hexosamine biosynthetic enzymes encoding sequential steps in UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis through AGCTCA motifs. We demonstrate that IRE1-XBP1 signaling is necessary and sufficient to activate core HBP enzymatic pathway by recruiting transcriptional elongation-competent phospho-Ser2 CTD modified RNA Pol II (pSer-PolII).

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE214786 | GEO | 2023/01/02

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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XBP1s cutnrun

Project description:The unfolded protein response (UPR) has emerged as important signaling pathway mediating anti-viral defenses to Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infection. In this study, we examine how Inositol Requiring Enzyme (IREa X-Box Binding Protein spliced (XBP1s) arm of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) pathway controls the innate response integrating RNA-seq and Cleavage Under Targets and Release Using Nuclease (CUT&RUN) analyses. XBP1s binds to ~4.2 K high-confidence genomic binding sites. Surprisingly these map to only a small subset of IL10/cytokine genes. We further find that that RSV infection enhances XBP1s occupancy on 786 genomic sites enriched in AP1/Fra-1, RELA and SP1 binding sites controlling a core subset of cytokine regulatory factors genes including IFN response factor 1 (IRF1), CSF2, NFKB1A and DUSP10. Selective IRF1 knockdown experiments demonstrates its requirement in control of type I and -III IFNs and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) indicating these genes are indirectly regulated through IRF1 transactivation. We conclude that RSV modulates the XBP1 binding complex to the IRF1 epromoter, providing novel insight into how the IRE1-XBP1s pathway potentiates airway mucosal anti-viral responses.

2023-04-30 | GSE228328 | GEO

Expression data from IRE1a or XBP1 deficient mouse liver

Project description:IRE1a and XBP1 are key regulators of the unfolded protein response (UPR). XBP1 ablation causes profound hypolipidemia in mice, and triggers feedback activation of its upstream enzyme IRE1a, instigating regulated IRE1-dependent decay (RIDD), an mRNA degradation mechanism dependent on IRE1a's endoribonuclease activity. Comprehensive microarray analysis of XBP1 and/or IRE1a deficient liver identified genes involved in lipogenesis and lipoprotein metabolism as RIDD substrates, which might contribute to the suppression of plasma lipid levels by activated IRE1a. To identify RIDD substrate mRNAs and direct XBP1 targets in the liver, we performed a comprehensive comparative microarray analysis of three groups of RNA samples: WT and XBP1 deficient mice, WT and IRE1a deficient mice untreated or injected with tunicamycin, and XBP1 deficient mice injected with luciferase or IRE1a siRNA.

2012-10-17 | E-GEOD-40515 | biostudies-arrayexpress

RNA sequencing identifies novel regulated IRE1-dependent decay targets that affect multiple myeloma survival and proliferation

Project description:IRE1 is an unfolded protein response (UPR) sensor with kinase and endonuclease activity. It plays a central role in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response through unconventional splicing of XBP1 mRNA and regulated IRE1-dependent decay (RIDD), which cleaves RNA at an XBP1-like consensus sequence (CUGCAG) accompanied by a stem-loop structure. MM cells are known to exhibit an elevated level of baseline ER stress, but RIDD activity has not been well studied in this disease. To investigate novel RIDD targets of possible relevance to the survival/proliferation of MM cells we combined in vitro cleavage assay with RNA sequencing. Bioinformatic analysis revealed hundreds of putative IRE1 substrates, 32 of which were chosen for validation. Looking into the secondary structure of IRE1 substrates, we found that the consensus sequences of IRF4, PRDM1, IKZF1, KLF13, NOTCH1, ATR, DICER, RICTOR, CDK12, FAM168B, and CENPF mRNAs were accompanied by a stem-loop structure essential for IRE1-mediated cleavage. We show that mRNA and protein levels corresponding to these targets were attenuated in an IRE1-dependent manner by treatment with ER-stress-inducing agents. Our results demonstrate for the first time that IRE1 is a key regulator of several proteins of importance in MM survival and proliferation.

2022-04-06 | GSE152070 | GEO

Integrative Low-input Transcriptomic and Cistromic Analyses Identify CREB Target Genes in Cystic Epithelial Cells [RNA-Seq]

Project description:Transcription factors (TFs) play crucial roles in kidney development and disease by recognizing specific DNA sequences to control gene expression programs. The kidney’s cellular heterogeneity poses substantial challenges to identifying the genomic binding sites and direct target genes of TFs in vivo. We apply the CUT&RUN (cleavage under targets and release using nuclease) technique, together with transcriptomic analysis, to identify cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) target genes in cystic epithelial cells of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Our results reveal that CREB binds to and activates ribosomal biogenesis genes, and that inhibition of CREB retards cyst growth in ADPKD mouse models. Our findings demonstrate that CUT&RUN is a powerful method for genome-scale profiling and identifying direct targets of TFs from small numbers of specific kidney cells.

2022-01-01 | GSE165417 | GEO

Integrative Low-input Transcriptomic and Cistromic Analyses Identify CREB Target Genes in Cystic Epithelial Cells [CUT&RUN, ChIP-Seq]

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Natural killer cell proliferation requires canonical IRE1 function during viral infection (CITE-Seq)

Project description:The unfolded protein response (UPR) aims to restore ER homeostasis under conditions of high protein folding load, a function primarily serving secretory cells. Additional, non-canonical UPR functions have recently been unraveled in immune cells. We addressed the function of the inositol-requiring-enzyme 1 (IRE1) signaling branch of the UPR in NK cells in homeostasis and microbial challenge. Cell-intrinsic compound deficiency (DKO) of IRE1 and its downstream transcription factor XBP1 in NKp46 + NK cells, did not affect basal NK cell homeostasis, or overall outcome of viral MCMV infection. However, mixed bone marrow chimeras revealed a competitive advantage in the proliferation of IRE1 sufficient Ly49H + NK cells after viral infection. CITE-Seq analysis confirmed strong induction of IRE1 early upon infection, concomitant with the activation of a canonical UPR signature. Therefore, we conclude that cell-intrinsic IRE1/XBP1 activation is required for NK cell proliferation early upon viral infection, as part of a canonical UPR response.

2023-10-27 | GSE236820 | GEO

Natural killer cell proliferation requires canonical IRE1 function during viral infection (RNA-Seq)

2023-10-27 | GSE236819 | GEO

Novel Bioinformatics Method for Identification of Genome-Wide Non-Canonical Spliced Regions using RNA-Seq Data

Project description:We developed a bioinformatics approach called the Read-Split-Walk (RSW) pipeline, and evaluated it using two Ire1? heterozygous and two Ire1?-null samples. The 26nt non-canonical splice site in Xbp1 was detected as the top hit by our RSW pipeline in heterozygous samples but not in the negative control Ire1? knockout samples. We compared the Xbp1 results from our approach with results using the alignment program BWA, STAR, Exonerate and the Unix “grep” command. We then applied our RSW pipeline to RNA-Seq data from the SKBR3 human breast cancer cell line. RSW reported a large number of non-canonical spliced regions for 108 genes in chromosome 17, which were identified by an independent study. Identification of non-canonical spliced regions for mouse MEF samples (two Ire1? heterozygous and two Ire1?-null samples)

2014-07-29 | E-GEOD-54631 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Identification of TFAP2A and MITF binding sites in the melanoma cell line SK-MEL-28

Project description:TFAP2A and MITF binding sites were identified in SK-MEL-28 cell lines using Cleavage Under Targets and Release Using Nuclease (CUT&RUN).

2021-02-08 | GSE153020 | GEO

Bulk RNAseq of control, XBP1-deficient or XBP1/IRE1-deficient cDC1s from subcutaneous B16- melanoma bearing mice

Project description:The unfolded protein response (UPR) sensor IRE1 and its target, the transcription factor XBP1s critically regulate the function of dendritic cell (DC) subtypes. However, the contribution of the IRE1/XBP1s axis in DCs to the antitumor immunity is not entirely understood. Here, using reporter mice we found that DCs, in particular type 1 conventional DCs (cDC1s), are major targets of IRE1 RNase activity in melanoma tumors. Deletion of XBP1s in CD11c+ cells resulted in augmented tumor growth, impaired effector T cell responses and decreased accumulation of TCF-1+CD8+ T cells with a precursor exhausted profile. Transcriptomic studies revealed that XBP1 deletion in tumor cDC1s induced regulated IRE1 dependent decay (RIDD) of mRNAs, which accounted for the dysregulated T cell immunity in melanoma. Thus, a strict regulatory circuit involving IRE1 RNase and XBP1s in DCs ensures optimal antitumor T cell immunity in melanoma models.

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