Defining the spatial-molecular map of fibrotic tendon healing and the drivers of Scleraxis-lineage cell fate and function
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE216214 | GEO | 2022/10/25
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Tendons are composed of a heterogeneous cell environment, with Scleraxis-lineage (ScxLin) cells being the predominant population. Although ScxLin cells are required for maintenance of tendon homeostasis, their functions during tendon healing are unknown. To this end, we first characterized the spatiotemporal dynamics of ScxLin cells during tendon healing, and identified that the overall ScxLin pool continuously expands up to early remodeling healing phase. To better define the function of ScxLin cells during the late proliferative phase of healing, we inducibly depleted ScxLin cells from day 14-18 post-surgery using the Scx-Cre; Rosa-DTR mouse model, with local administration of diphtheria toxin inducing apoptosis of ScxLin cells in the healing tendon. At D28 post-surgery, ScxLin cell depleted tendons (DTRScxLin) had substantial impairments in structure and function, relative to WT, demonstrating the importance of ScxLin cells during tendon healing. Next, bulk RNAseq was utilized to identify the underlying mechanisms that were impaired with depletion and revealed that ScxLin depletion induced molecular and morphological stagnation of the healing process at D28. However, this stagnation was transient, such that by D56 tendon mechanics in DTRScxLin were not significantly different than wildtype repairs. Collectively, these data offer fundamental knowledge on the dynamics and roles of ScxLin cells during tendon healing.
2022-09-13 | GSE213033 | GEO
Project description:Tendons play fundamental role in the musculoskeletal system and locomotion by transferring forces generated by muscles to the skeleton. Tendon injuries can occur due to sports related incidents, as a result of trauma to overuse or during disease or ageing and are among the leading causes of musculoskeletal disability. Scleraxis is a marker of the tendon lineage and appears to be induced at the earliest stage of specification of this lineage, however little is known how scleraxis is modulating tendon growth activity. This study aimed to investigate how scleraxis modulates tendon cells activity.
2021-09-08 | PXD017944 | Pride
Project description:Aged tendons have disrupted homeostasis, increased injury risk, and impaired healing capacity. Understanding mechanisms of homeostatic disruption is crucial for developing therapeutics to retain tendon health through the lifespan. Here, we developed a novel model of accelerated tendon extracellular matrix (ECM) aging via depletion of Scleraxislineage (ScxLin) cells in young mice (DTR). DTR recapitulates many aspects of tendon aging including comparable declines in cellularity, alterations in ECM structure, organization, and composition. Single cell RNA-sequencing demonstrated a conserved decline in tenocytes associated with ECM biosynthesis in aged and DTR tendons, identifying the requirement for ScxLin cells during homeostasis. However, the remaining cells in aged and DTR tendons demonstrate functional divergence. Aged tenocytes become pro-inflammatory and lose proteostasis. In contrast, DTR tenocytes demonstrate enhanced remodeling capacity. Collectively, this study defines DTR a novel model of accelerated tendon ECM aging and identifies novel biological intervention points to maintain tendon function through the lifespan
2023-02-01 | GSE214929 | GEO
Project description:We report RNA sequencing data from the plantaris tendons of 3-month old Sprague Dawley rats that were treated with vehicle or GSK2894631A to inhibit the HPGDS enzyme. Rats underwent a bilateral plantaris tendon tear followed by immediate repair, and samples were obtained either 7 or 21 days after surgical intervention.
2019-09-20 | GSE130276 | GEO
Project description:Little is understood about the roles of tendon cells during flexor tendon healing. To better understand tendon cell functions, the Scx-Cre mouse was crossed to the DTR mouse model to facilitate scleraxis lineage cell depletion prior to acute flexor tendon injury and repair. WT (cre-) and experimental (cre+) mice underwent complete transection and repair of the flexor digitorum longus tendon. Repaired tendons were harvested at 14 and 28 days post-repair for bulk RNA-Seq analysis to examine possible mechanisms driving differential healing due to Scx lineage cell depletion.
2021-02-08 | GSE156157 | GEO
Project description:Aged tendons have disrupted homeostasis, increased injury risk, and impaired healing capacity. Understanding mechanisms of homeostatic disruption is crucial for developing therapeutics to retain tendon health through the lifespan. Here, we developed a novel model of accelerated tendon extracellular matrix (ECM) aging via depletion of Scleraxis-lineage (ScxLin) cells in young mice (DTR). DTR recapitulates many aspects of tendon aging including comparable declines in cellularity, alterations in ECM structure, organization, and composition. Single cell RNA-sequencing demonstrated a conserved decline in tenocytes associated with ECM biosynthesis in aged and DTR tendons, identifying the requirement for ScxLin cells during homeostasis. However, the remaining cells in aged and DTR tendons demonstrate functional divergence. Aged tenocytes become pro-inflammatory and lose proteostasis. In contrast, DTR tenocytes demonstrate enhanced remodeling capacity. Collectively, this study defines DTR a novel model of accelerated tendon ECM aging and identifies novel biological intervention points to maintain tendon function through the lifespan.
2023-02-03 | PXD037230 | Pride
Project description:Tendons, which transmit force from muscles to bones, are highly prone to injury. Understanding the mechanisms driving tendon fate would impact efforts to improve tendon healing, yet this knowledge is limited. To find direct regulators of tendon progenitor emergence, we performed a zebrafish high-throughput chemical screen. We established Forskolin as a tenogenic inducer across vertebrates, functioning through Creb1a, which is required and sufficient for tendon fate. Putative enhancers containing cAMP response elements (CRE) in human, mouse and fish, drove specific expression in zebrafish cranial and fin tendons. Analysis of these genomic regions identified motifs for Ebf/EBF transcription factors. Mutation of CRE or Ebf/EBF motifs significantly disrupted enhancer activity and specificity in tendons. Zebrafish ebf1a/ebf3a mutants displayed defects in tendon formation. Notably, Creb1a/CREB1 and Ebf1a/Ebf3a/EBF1 overexpression facilitated tenogenic induction in zebrafish and human pluripotent stem cells. Together, our work reveals functional conservation of two novel transcription factors in promoting tendon fate.
2024-06-13 | GSE252165 | GEO
Project description:Tendons play a critical role in the transmission of forces between muscles and bones, and chronic tendon injuries and diseases are among the leading causes of musculoskeletal disability. For many types of tendinopathies, women have worse clinical outcomes than men. It is possible that sex-based differences in tendon morphology, composition and mechanical properties may explain the greater susceptibility of women to develop tendinopathies. Our objective was to evaluate the mechanical properties, biochemical composition, transcriptome, and cellular activity of plantarflexor tendons from four month old male and female C57Bl/6 mice using in vitro biomechanics, mass spectrometry-based proteomics, genome-wide expression profiling, and cell culture techniques. Differences between groups were tested using t-tests (α=0.05). While the Achilles tendons of male mice were approximately 6% larger than female mice (P<0.05), the cell density of female mice was around 19% larger than males (P<0.05). No significant differences in the length (P=0.34), peak force (P=0.86), peak stress (P=0.52) or energy loss during stretch (P=0.94) of plantaris tendons were observed. Mass spectrometry proteomics analysis revealed no significant difference between sexes in the abundance of major extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins like collagen types I (P=0.30) and III (P=0.68), but female mice had approximately two-fold elevations (P<0.05) in different minor ECM proteins such as fibronectin, periostin, and tenascin. Using microarray analysis, there was no significant differences (P>0.05) in the expression of most major and minor ECM genes, and in the expression of genes involved in tendon fibroblast specification or proliferation. Whole tendon qPCR analysis showed significant expression differences in elastin, scleraxis, and tenomodulin. Cell culture techniques to test the effects of sex-specific extracellular environment on cellular activity show significant differences in gene expression of type I and III collagen, Ki67, scleraxis, and tenomodulin. Histologic analysis demonstrated that males have larger tendon cross-sectional area and lower cell density when compared to females. However, there were no differences between the sexes in the mechanical properties of tendons or in the majority of primary structural extracellular matrix proteins, although elevations were observed in some minor ECM proteins. Microarray analysis also showed no significant sex-based differences in the expression of major genes associated with collagen composition, extracellular components and turnover, and fibroblast proliferation. Cell culture tests of non-autonomous cellular activity show no major signals for ECM synthesis nor fibroblast proliferation. Our results indicate that while male mice expectedly had larger tendons, male and female mice have very similar mechanical properties and biochemical composition, with small increases in minor ECM proteins and proteoglycans in female tendons. The role that these minor ECM proteins and proteoglycans play in tendon repair should be evaluated in future studies. No treatment administered, study done to evaluate normal expression profiles of male and female tenocytes. This analysis is based on a Mouse Gene ST 2.1 strip that was processed in the microarray facility in May 2015 using the wt-pico kit.
2016-08-11 | E-GEOD-85415 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The project investigated the changes in proteomics profile of canine flexor digitorum profundus tendons 28 days after tendon transection and surgical repair with (ASCs+BMP12) or without a stem cell and growth factor based treatment (repair only). Specifically, adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells together with BMP12 were delivered with a polymer scaffold consisting of multiple alternating layers of a heparin/fibrin-based delivery system and a polylactic co-glycolic acid (PLGA) scaffold. Non-operated tendons from contralateral digits were used as normal control (Normal).
2017-06-12 | PXD004097 | Pride
Project description:A tendon’s ordered extracellular matrix (ECM) is integral for transmitting force and highly prone to injury. Whether and how tendon cells, or tenocytes, embedded within this dense ECM mobilize and contribute to healing is unknown. Here, we identify a specialized Axin2+ tenocyte population in mouse and human tendons that remains latent in homeostasis yet serves as a major source of tendon progenitors during healing. We show that Axin2+ tenocytes readily expand in vitro and express stem cell markers. In vivo, Axin2+ cells are major functional contributors to repair: Axin2+ tenocytes de-differentiate, expand, and re-adopt a tenocyte fate post-injury. Specific loss of Wnt secretion in Axin2+ cells alters their stem cell identity and disrupts their activation upon injury, severely compromising healing. Our work highlights Axin2+ tenocytes as quiescent stem cells embedded in dense matrix, which are uniquely regulated in an autocrine manner and are central organizers of robust tendon healing.
2024-10-22 | GSE188598 | GEO