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Antigen-expanded CD8+ gd T cells with NK-like phenotype and function respond in persistent infection [Bulk RNA-seq]

ABSTRACT: Gamma Delta (gd) T cells play unique protective roles in different settings of acute and chronic infections. However, what they respond to and how they function in the acute versus chronic phases of the same infection remains unclear. It is well documented that cytolytic gd T cells that express Vg9Vd2 TCRs and respond to phosphoantigens (pAgs) expand in acute Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection in humans. However, most infections with Mtb manifest as a chronic, clinically asymptomatic state. While past work indicates that gd T cells contribute to Mtb infection control, their response during this phase of Mtb infection is not well understood. Here, we analyze peripheral blood gd T cells from a South African adolescent cohort and show that a unique CD8+ gd T cell subset with features of “memory inflation” expand in chronic Mtb infection.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE216652 | GEO | 2022/10/31

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Antigen-expanded CD8+ gd T cells with NK-like phenotype and function respond in persistent infection [scRNA-seq]

Project description:Gamma Delta (gd) T cells play unique protective roles in different settings of acute and chronic infections. However, what they respond to and how they function in the acute versus chronic phases of the same infection remains unclear. It is well documented that cytolytic gd T cells that express Vg9Vd2 TCRs and respond to phosphoantigens (pAgs) expand in acute Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection in humans. However, most infections with Mtb manifest as a chronic, clinically asymptomatic state. While past work indicates that gd T cells contribute to Mtb infection control, their response during this phase of Mtb infection is not well understood. Here, we analyze peripheral blood gd T cells from a South African adolescent cohort and show that a unique CD8+ gd T cell subset with features of “memory inflation” expand in chronic Mtb infection. Using targeted scRNA-seq coupled with surface protein expression and multiparametric single cell pseudotime trajectory analysis, we identify the differentiation paths that these CD8+ gd T cells follow to develop into effectors in this infection state.

2022-10-31 | GSE216654 | GEO

Global gene expression profiling of lung-resident CD8+ T cells from uninfected, Mtb-infected and BCG-infected mice

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Project description:Understanding the response of memory CD8 T cells to persistent antigen re-stimulation and the role of CD4 T cell help is critical to the design of successful vaccines for chronic diseases. However, studies comparing the protective abilities and qualities of memory and naïve cells have been mostly performed in acute infections, and little is known about their roles during chronic infections. Herein, we show that memory cells dominate over naïve cells and are protective when present in large enough numbers to quickly reduce infection. In contrast, when infection is not rapidly reduced, memory cells are quickly lost, unlike naïve cells. This loss of memory cells is due to (i) an early block in cell proliferation, (ii) selective regulation by the inhibitory receptor 2B4, and (iii) increased reliance on CD4 T cell help. These findings have important implications towards the design of T cell vaccines against chronic infections and tumors. 16 samples are analyzed: 3 replicates of secondary effector CD8 P14 T cells at day 8 post-acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection; 4 replicates of secondary effector CD8 P14 T cells at day 8 post-chronic LCMV infection; 4 replicates of primary effector CD8 P14 T cells at day 8 post-acute LCMV infection; and 5 replicates of primary effector CD8 P14 T cells at day 8 post-chronic LCMV infection.

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Project description:Recent implication of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the intricate cross-talk between the host and the pathogen in viral infections reveals a new layer of mechanism for host-virus interactions. In the present study, we investigated human miRNAs which may be involved in the acute and chronic HBV infections via microarray profiling. We determined the global miRNA expression profiles elicited in the uninfected control model (HepG2), the acute infection model (HepG2 transfected with a 1.3 full-length HBV genome) and the chronic infection model (HepG2.2.15) using CapitalBio corporation’s mammalian miRNA arrays. Three cellular models were used in this study: the human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2 as a blank control representing the condition without virus infection; HepG2 transfected with a 1.3 full-length HBV genome as an acute infection model; and HepG2.2.15, a well-established cell line derived from HepG2 transfected with a full-length HBV genome and constitutively expressing HBV, as a chronic infection model.

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Changes in chromatin accessibility assocaiated with CD8 T cell responses to viral infections

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M. tuberculosis reprograms HSCs to limit myelopoiesis and impair trained immunity via a type I IFN/iron axis [EG_SERIES_3]

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M. tuberculosis reprograms HSCs to limit myelopoiesis and impair trained immunity via a type I IFN/iron axis [AERO_SERIES_2]

2020-08-13 | GSE156135 | GEO

M. tuberculosis reprograms HSCs to limit myelopoiesis and impair trained immunity via a type I IFN/iron axis [Bulk_SERIES_1]

2020-08-13 | GSE156134 | GEO

A Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor-Producing gamma-delta T Cell Subset Prevents Malarial Parasitemic Recurrence

Project description:Despite evidence that gd T cells play an important role during malaria, their precise role remains unclear. During murine malaria induced by Plasmodium chabaudi infection and in human P. falciparum infection, we found that gd T cells expanded rapidly after resolution of acute parasitemia, in contrast to ab T cells that expanded at the acute stage and then declined. Single-cell sequencing showed that TRAV15N-1 gd T cells were clonally expanded in mice and had convergent complementarity-determining region 3 sequences. These gd T cells expressed specific cytokines, M-CSF, CCL5, CCL3, which are known to act on the myeloid compartment, indicating that this gd T cell subset may have distinct functions. Both gd T cells and M-CSF were necessary for preventing parasitemic recurrence. These findings point to an M-CSF-producing gd T cell subset that fulfills a specialized protective role in the later stage of malaria infection when ab T cells have declined.

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