An evolutionarily conserved transcription factor controlling leaf vein growth in flowering plants (VDof1 ChIP-seq)
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana
PROVIDER: GSE216739 | GEO | 2023/07/01
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:The biochemistry of C4 photosynthesis relies on a specific suite of leaf functional properties, often referred to as Kranz anatomy, where there is increased vein density and the proportion of bundle sheath cells surrounding the veins compared to C3 photosynthesizing species. From a suite of putative Kranz anatomy regulators, TML was identified. Loss of function tml mutations lead to the development of large lateral veins in positions normally occupied by smaller intermediate veins in both C3 and C4 species tested. In order to elucidate the role of TML in vein patterning, we set out to profile transcriptional changes that happen in the leaf primordia upon tml knock-out in the C4 species Zea mays.
2024-02-07 | GSE255222 | GEO
Project description:Photosynthesis underpins the viability of most ecosystems, with C4 plants that exhibit âKranzâ anatomy being the most efficient primary producers. Kranz anatomy is characterized by closely spaced veins that are encircled by two morphologically distinct photosynthetic cell types. Although Kranz anatomy evolved multiple times, the underlying genetic mechanisms remain largely elusive, with only the maize scarecrow gene so far implicated in Kranz patterning. To provide a broader insight into the regulation of Kranz differentiation, we performed a genome-wide comparative analysis of developmental trajectories in Kranz (foliar leaf blade) and non-Kranz (husk leaf sheath) leaves of the C4 plant maize. Using profile classification of gene expression in early leaf primordia, we identified cohorts of genes associated with procambium initiation and vascular patterning. In addition, we used supervised classification criteria inferred from anatomical and developmental analyses of five developmental stages to identify candidate regulators of cell-type specification. Our analysis supports the suggestion that Kranz anatomy is patterned, at least in part, by a SCARECROW/SHORTROOT regulatory network, and suggests likely components of that network. Furthermore, the data imply a role for additional pathways in the development of Kranz leaves.
2013-07-29 | E-MTAB-4134 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Over time, plants have evolved flexible self-organizing patterning mechanisms to adapt tissue functionality to continuous organ growth. A clear example of this process is the multicellular organization of vascular cells into narrow and elongated conductive channels in foliar organs of Arabidopsis thaliana such as cotyledons. The establishment of a closed vascular network is achieved through the coordinated specification of newly recruited procambial cells by means of their proliferation and elongation. An important and yet poorly understood component of this process is secondary vein branching; a mechanism employed to extend vascular tissues throughout cotyledon surface. Here we revise the directionality of the formation of vascular tissues in the embryonic cotyledon of Arabidopsis and show that distal veins arise from the bifurcation of cell files contained in the midvein. Instead, proximal veins emerge from the division of provascular cells, a process partially constrained by RECEPTOR LIKE PROTEIN KINASE 2 (RPK2). Utilizing genetic, transcriptomic and live-cell imaging analyses, we show that RPK2 function is antagonized by COTYLEDON VASCULAR PATTERN 2 and its homologous CVP2 LIKE 1. Whilst RPK2 expression at the cotyledon margin prevents the branching of secondary proximal veins, the divergence of the midvein into distal veins appears to be auxin-dependent and follows a distinct regulatory mechanism. Our work supports a model in which RPK2 modulates vascular complexity independently of cell-to-cell auxin-propagation to adapt the spatial configuration of vascular tissues to organ growth.
2022-06-09 | GSE178241 | GEO
Project description:The C4 photosynthetic pathway provided a major advantage to plants growing in hot, dry environments, including the ancestors of our most productive crops. Two traits were essential for the evolution of this pathway: increased vein density and the functionalization of bundle sheath cells for photosynthesis. Although GRAS transcriptional regulators, including SHORT ROOT (SHR), have been implicated in mediating leaf patterning in both C3 and C4 species1-4, little is known about what controls the specialized features of the cells that mediate C4 metabolism and physiology. We show in the model monocot, Setaria viridis, that SHR regulates components of multiple cell identities, including chloroplast biogenesis and photosynthetic gene expression in bundle sheath cells, a central feature of C4 plants. Furthermore, we found that it also contributes to the two-cell compartmentalization of the characteristic four-carbon shuttle pathway. Disruption of SHR function clearly reduced photosynthetic capacity and seed yield in mutant plants under heat stress. Together, these results show how cell identities are remodeled by SHR to host the suite of traits characteristic of C4 regulation, which are a main engineering target in non-C4 crops to improve climate resilience.
2024-02-09 | GSE249836 | GEO
Project description:Muraro2014 - Vascular patterning in Arabidopsis roots
Using a multicellular model, maintanence of vascular patterning in Arabidopsis roots has been studied. The model that is provided here is the single-cell version of the model. The two-cell and multicellular models described in the paper can be downloaded as python scripts (follow the curation tab to get these files).
This model is described in the article:
Integration of hormonal signaling networks and mobile microRNAs is required for vascular patterning in Arabidopsis roots.
Muraro D, Mellor N, Pound MP, Help H, Lucas M, Chopard J, Byrne HM, Godin C, Hodgman TC, King JR, Pridmore TP, Helariutta Y, Bennett MJ, Bishopp A.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Jan 14;111(2):857-62.
Abstract:
As multicellular organisms grow, positional information is continually needed to regulate the pattern in which cells are arranged. In the Arabidopsis root, most cell types are organized in a radially symmetric pattern; however, a symmetry-breaking event generates bisymmetric auxin and cytokinin signaling domains in the stele. Bidirectional cross-talk between the stele and the surrounding tissues involving a mobile transcription factor, SHORT ROOT (SHR), and mobile microRNA species also determines vascular pattern, but it is currently unclear how these signals integrate. We use a multicellular model to determine a minimal set of components necessary for maintaining a stable vascular pattern. Simulations perturbing the signaling network show that, in addition to the mutually inhibitory interaction between auxin and cytokinin, signaling through SHR, microRNA165/6, and PHABULOSA is required to maintain a stable bisymmetric pattern. We have verified this prediction by observing loss of bisymmetry in shr mutants. The model reveals the importance of several features of the network, namely the mutual degradation of microRNA165/6 and PHABULOSA and the existence of an additional negative regulator of cytokinin signaling. These components form a plausible mechanism capable of patterning vascular tissues in the absence of positional inputs provided by the transport of hormones from the shoot.
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2024-09-02 | BIOMD0000000522 | BioModels
Project description:The leaf vasculature plays a key role in solute translocation. Veins consist of at least seven distinct cell types, with specific roles in transport, metabolism, and signaling. Little is known about the vascular cells in leaves, in particular the phloem parenchyma (PP). PP effluxes sucrose into the apoplasm as a basis for phloem loading; yet PP has only been characterized microscopically. Here, we enriched vascular cells from Arabidopsis leaves to generate a single-cell transcriptome atlas of leaf vasculature. We identified ?19 cell clusters, encompassing epidermis, guard cells, hydathodes, mesophyll, and all vascular cell types, and used metabolic pathway analysis to define their roles. Clusters comprising PP cells were enriched for transporters, including SWEET11 and SWEET12 sucrose and UmamiT amino acid efflux carriers. PP development occurs independently from APL, a transcription factor required for phloem differentiation. PP cells have a unique pattern of amino acid metabolism activity distinct from companion cells (CC), explaining differential distribution/metabolism of amino acids in veins. The kinship relation of the vascular clusters is strikingly similar to the vein morphology, except for a clear separation of CC from the other vascular cells including PP. In summary, our scRNA-seq analysis provides a wide range of information into the leaf vasculature and the role and relationship of the leaf cell types.
2020-12-31 | GSE161411 | GEO
Project description:The leaf vasculature plays a key role in solute translocation. Veins consist of at least seven distinct cell types, with specific roles in transport, metabolism, and signaling. Little is known about the vascular cells in leaves, in particular the phloem parenchyma (PP). PP effluxes sucrose into the apoplasm as a basis for phloem loading; yet PP has only been characterized microscopically. Here, we enriched vascular cells from Arabidopsis leaves to generate a single-cell transcriptome atlas of leaf vasculature. We identified ?19 cell clusters, encompassing epidermis, guard cells, hydathodes, mesophyll, and all vascular cell types, and used metabolic pathway analysis to define their roles. Clusters comprising PP cells were enriched for transporters, including SWEET11 and SWEET12 sucrose and UmamiT amino acid efflux carriers. PP development occurs independently from APL, a transcription factor required for phloem differentiation. PP cells have a unique pattern of amino acid metabolism activity distinct from companion cells (CC), explaining differential distribution/metabolism of amino acids in veins. The kinship relation of the vascular clusters is strikingly similar to the vein morphology, except for a clear separation of CC from the other vascular cells including PP. In summary, our scRNA-seq analysis provides a wide range of information into the leaf vasculature and the role and relationship of the leaf cell types.
2020-12-31 | GSE161332 | GEO
Project description:A key question in developmental biology is how cells exchange positional information for proper patterning during organ development. In plant roots the radial tissue organization is highly conserved with a central vascular cylinder in which two water conducting cell types, protoxylem and metaxylem, are patterned centripetally. We show that this patterning occurs through crosstalk between the vascular cylinder and the surrounding endodermis mediated by cell-to-cell movement of a transcription factor in one direction and microRNAs in the other. SHORT ROOT, produced in the vascular cylinder, moves into the endodermis to activate SCARECROW. Together these transcription factors activate MIR165a and 166b. Endodermally produced miR165/6 then acts to degrade its target mRNAs encoding class III homeodomain-leucine zipper transcription factors in the endodermis and stele periphery. The resulting differential distribution of target mRNA in the vascular cylinder determines xylem cell types in a dosage dependent manner. To investigate the global regulation of SHR and SCR in the root, direct and indirect target genes of SHR and SCR were cross-compared with selected cell type specific expression profiles in the Arabidopsis root published in Birnbaum et al. (2003), Nawy et al. (2005), Lee et al. (2006), and Brady et al. (2007) [pubmed IDs: 14671301, 15937229, 16581911, 17975066]. Furthermore, the mature endodermis specific transcript profiles were generated using a GFP marker line, E30, and used together with published profiles in this comparison.
2010-04-27 | E-GEOD-16469 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:To gain insight into the genetic and molecular mechanisms that underlie the enhanced resistance of pan1 lines to vascular spread of P. stewartii, we used RNA-seq to compare the transcriptomes of B73 and pan1 lines one day after mock or bacterial inoculation of leaf veins, being this the first analysis of maize transcriptional responses to P. stewartii infection.
2019-07-10 | GSE133303 | GEO
Project description:To gain insight into the genetic and molecular mechanisms that underlie the enhanced resistance of pan1 lines to vascular spread of P. stewartii, we used RNA-seq to compare the transcriptomes of B73 and pan1 lines one day after mock or bacterial inoculation of leaf veins, being this the first analysis of maize transcriptional responses to P. stewartii infection.
2019-07-10 | GSE133302 | GEO