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Dysregulation of global mRNA splicing in a Huntington’s disease neuronal differentiation cell line model

ABSTRACT: To study cell type- and HTT CAG length-dependent transcriptional and alternative splicing changes associated with HD, we conducted deep RNA-sequencing analysis on human embryonic stem cells (hESC), NPC and neuron cell lines (ESC and NPC, NEU) expressing wild-type (27/ and 30 CAG repeats), 45 CAG (45Q; representing 45 polyQ mutant HTT protein) and 81 CAG (81Q) repeat expansion HTT gene (n=3). The cell lines were derived from an isogenic HTT CAG repeat expansion allelic cell line panel (IsoHD) where hESC H9 cells were genetically modified with monoallelic knockin of expanded CAG tract in exon 1 of HTT representing early onset (45Q) and late onset (81Q) HD, with the 27Q/30Q genotype as healthy control phenotype (Ooi et al., 2019). The sequencing experiment generated 2.9 billion pairs of 150 bp paired-end reads from 27 samples (3 clones, 3 genotypes, 3 cell lines), with 80 to 110 million read pairs per sample. Transcriptome alignment yielded 75 to 100 million uniquely mapped read pairs across all samples.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE217469 | GEO | 2024/09/17

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:In Huntington’s disease (HD), expanded HTT CAG repeat length correlates strongly with age at motor onset, indicating that it determines the rate of the disease process leading to diagnostic clinical manifestations. Similarly, in normal individuals, HTT CAG repeat length is correlated with biochemical differences that reveal it as a functional polymorphism. Here, we tested the hypothesis that gene expression signatures can capture continuous, length-dependent effects of the HTT CAG repeat. Using gene expression datasets for 107 HD and control lymphoblastoid cell lines, we constructed mathematical models in an iterative manner, based upon CAG correlated gene expression patterns in randomly chosen training samples, and tested their predictive power in test samples. Predicted CAG repeat lengths were significantly correlated with experimentally determined CAG repeat lengths, whereas models based upon randomly permuted CAGs were not at all predictive. Predictions from different batches of mRNA for the same cell lines were significantly correlated, implying that CAG length-correlated gene expression is reproducible. Notably, HTT expression was not itself correlated with HTT CAG repeat length. Taken together, these findings confirm the concept of a gene expression signature representing the continuous effect of HTT CAG length and not primarily dependent on the level of huntingtin expression. Such global and unbiased approaches, applied to additional cell types and tissues, may facilitate the discovery of therapies for HD by providing a comprehensive view of molecular changes triggered by HTT CAG repeat length for use in screening for and testing compounds that reverse effects of the HTT CAG expansion. To evaluate the continuous analytical approach as a strategy to discover the molecular consequences of the HTT CAG repeat, genome-wide gene expression datasets were generated from a panel of 107 human lymphoblastoid cell lines with HTT CAGs spanning the entire spectrum of allele sizes.

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Dysregulation of global mRNA splicing in a Huntington’s disease neuronal differentiation cell line model

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