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Differentiation of Arabidopsis guard cells: analysis of the networks incorporating the basic helix-loop helix transcription factor, FAMA

ABSTRACT: In plants, formation of functional stomatal guard cells is a highly regulated event so that this cell differentiation model constitutes an interesting genetic system to explore cell differentiation in response to cell cycle controllers or cell fate determinants such as transcription factors. The latest acting bHLH in the stomatal lineage circuit is FAMA that appears to be absolutely required to promote stomatal development by controlling the GMC to GC transition. In order for FAMA to trigger guard cell development, it probably initiates a gene activation cascade leading to cell differentiation and cessation of cell division. To identify and characterize FAMA inducible genes, transcriptome analysis using the Affymetrix ATH1 micro-array chip was carried out on inducible FAMA gain of function plants at 4hrs and 48 hrs post-induction.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE21786 | GEO | 2010/05/12

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA127313

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Differentiation of Arabidopsis guard cells: analysis of the networks incorporating the basic helix-loop helix transcription factor, FAMA

Project description:In plants, formation of functional stomatal guard cells is a highly regulated event so that this cell differentiation model constitutes an interesting genetic system to explore cell differentiation in response to cell cycle controllers or cell fate determinants such as transcription factors. The latest acting bHLH in the stomatal lineage circuit is FAMA that appears to be absolutely required to promote stomatal development by controlling the GMC to GC transition. In order for FAMA to trigger guard cell development, it probably initiates a gene activation cascade leading to cell differentiation and cessation of cell division. To identify and characterize FAMA inducible genes, transcriptome analysis using the Affymetrix ATH1 micro-array chip was carried out on inducible FAMA gain of function plants at 4hrs and 48 hrs post-induction. Transgenic plants with an estrogen-inducible FAMA expression cassette were used in a timecourse experiment to identify genes that were differentially regulated by FAMA. Two time points were analyzed, 4 hours and 48 hours post-induction. Seedlings were grown on vertically oriented plates in a 22 Â°C incubator under 24 hours light for 5 days. Plants were then transfered with forcepts to plates containing MS + Sucrose + 10 ÂµM estrogen (or new MS + sucrose plates for controls). After 4h or 48h on new plates, samples were collected, frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at â??80 degree until enough material was obtained to do all RNA extractions in the same week. The Rneasy Plant Mini Kit (QIAGEN) for RNA isolation, and samples were labelled with standard kits, etc (get info) and hybridized to Affymetrix Ath1 array chips. 15 samples.

2010-05-28 | E-GEOD-21786 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Microarray analysis of scap1 mutant and wild type in Arabidopsis thaliana guard cell protoplast

Project description:Stomata are highly specialized organs which consist of pairs of guard cells and regulate gas and water vapor exchange in plants. While early stages of guard cell differentiation have been described and were interpreted in analogy to processes of cell type differentiation in animals, the downstream development of functional stomatal guard cells remains poorly understood. We have isolated an Arabidopsis mutant, scap1 (stomatal carpenter 1), that develops irregularly shaped guard cells and lacks the ability to control stomatal aperture, including CO2-induced stomatal closing and light-induced stomatal opening. SCAP1 was identified as a plant-specific Dof-type transcription factor expressed in maturing guard cells but not in guard mother cells. SCAP1 regulates the expression of genes encoding key elements of stomatal functioning and morphogenesis, such as a K+ channel protein, MYB60 transcription factor, and pectin methyl esterase. Consequently, ion homeostasis was disturbed in scap1 guard cells, and esterification of extracellular pectins was impaired so that the cell walls lining the pores did not mature normally. We conclude that SCAP1 regulates essential processes of stomatal guard cell maturation and functions as a key transcription factor regulating the final stages of guard cell differentiation.

2013-02-28 | GSE43964 | GEO

Microarray analysis of scap1 mutant and wild type in Arabidopsis thaliana guard cell protoplast

2013-02-28 | E-GEOD-43964 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Distinct guard cell specific remodeling of chromatin accessibility during abscisic acid and CO2 dependent stomatal regulation (ATAC-Seq)

Project description:In plants, epidermal guard cells integrate and respond to numerous environmental signals to control stomatal pore apertures thereby regulating gas exchange. Chromatin structure controls transcription factor access to the genome, but whether large-scale chromatin remodeling occurs in guard cells during stomatal movements, and in response to the hormone abscisic acid (ABA) in general, remain unknown. Here we isolate guard cell nuclei from Arabidopsis thaliana plants to examine whether the physiological signals, ABA and CO2, regulate guard cell chromatin during stomatal movements. Our cell type specific analyses uncover patterns of chromatin accessibility specific to guard cells and define novel cis-regulatory sequences supporting guard cell specific gene expression. We find that ABA triggers extensive and dynamic chromatin remodeling in guard cells, roots, and mesophyll cells with clear patterns of cell-type specificity. DNA motif analyses uncover binding sites for distinct transcription factors enriched in ABA-induced and ABA-repressed chromatin. We identify the ABF/AREB bZIP-type transcription factors that are required for ABA-triggered chromatin opening in guard cells and implicate the inhibition of a set of bHLH-type transcription factors in controlling ABA-repressed chromatin. Moreover, we demonstrate that ABA and CO2 induce distinct programs of chromatin remodeling. We provide insight into the control of guard cell chromatin dynamics and propose that ABA-induced chromatin remodeling primes the genome for abiotic stress resistance.

2023-12-19 | GSE243470 | GEO

Distinct guard cell specific remodeling of chromatin accessibility during abscisic acid and CO2 dependent stomatal regulation (RNA-Seq)

2023-12-19 | GSE243472 | GEO

Multi-omics revealed molecular mechanisms underlying guard cell systemic acquired resistance

Project description:Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) as a plant immune response improves immunity of distal tissue after local exposure to a pathogen. Stomata pores on leaf surfaces are formed by guard cells that recognize bacterial pathogens via pattern recognition receptors. We found that Arabidopsis thaliana plants that have been previously exposed to the pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst) exhibit an altered stomatal response compared to control plants when systemic leaves are later exposed to the bacteria. Reduced stomatal apertures of SAR primed plants lead to decreases in the number of bacteria that enter the apoplastic space of the leaves. To examine how SAR affects molecular processes in guard cells of distal leaves, we collected Arabidopsis guard cell samples and extracted lipids, metabolites and proteins using a 3-in-1 method. Multi-omic results have revealed molecular components of SAR response specific to the functions of guard cells and roles of ROS and fatty acid signaling in guard cell SAR response. Additionally, our results show an increase in palmitic acid and its derivative 9-PAHSA in primed guard cells. Palmitic acid may play a role as an agonist to Flagellin Sensitive 2 (FLS2), which initiates stomatal closure upon perception of bacterial flagella. The improved understanding of how SAR immune signals affect stomatal movement and immunity can aid biotechnology and marker-based breeding of crops for enhanced disease resistance.

2021-09-09 | PXD022880 | Pride

Gene Expression in Arabidopsis thaliana Guard Cells

Project description:Stomata are formed by a pair of specialized guard cells that control the opening and closing of the stomatal pores on the leaf surface. These pores are the main route for microbe penetration into leaves. However, plants show a remarkable ability to close the pore when sensing the presence of microbial invaders; a phenomenon recently described as stomatal immunity. This study was initiated to understand the transcriptional regulation of this early plant defense against pathogens.

2013-07-26 | E-MTAB-4420 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Effect of photoperiod on gene expressions in guard cells.

Project description:To clarify the molecular mechanism in photoperiod-dependent regulation of stomatal movements, we performed RNA sequences in isolated guard cell protoplasts from Arabidopsis thaliana.

2019-07-22 | GSE104436 | GEO

MPK4 interacting proteins in guard cells through AP-MS

Project description:Plants are often challenged by numerous biotic and abiotic environmental stresses. They have evolved efficient signaling networks in response to the environmental challenges, such as pathogen invasion, drought, CO2 changes. Guard cells are specialized epidermal cells enclosing pores on leaf surface, aka, stomata. Stomatal guard cells are at the frontline of biotic and abiotic stress responses. The opening and closing of stomata are regulated by a sophisticated intracellular signaling networks. Mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 (MPK4) was first identified as negative regulator in systemic acquired resistance (SAR). It was also play important roles in cytokinesis, reproduction, and photosynthesis. MPK4 has higher expression levels in plant guard cells than in mesophyll cells. Arabidopsis mpk4 mutant has higher levels of salicylic acid (SA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are related with stomatal movement. The specific function of MPK4 in guard cells is unknown. In order to understand MPK4 functions in guard cells, it is essential to investigate MPK4-associated protein complex. Here we focus on identification of guard cell specific MPK4 complex using affinity purification following by mass spectrometry (AP-MS). Potential substrates were selected and validated with yeast two hybrid (Y2H).

2024-04-30 | PXD034347 | Pride

ß-amylase1 mutant Arabidopsis plants show improved drought tolerance due to reduced starch breakdown in guard cells

Project description:In plants, drought stress is a major growth limiting factor causing cell water loss through open stomata. In this study, guard cell-specific transcripts from drought-stressed Arabidopsis plants were analyzed and a down-regulation of β-amylase 1 (BAM1) was found. In previous studies, BAM1 was shown to be involved in stomatal starch degradation under ambient conditions. Impaired starch breakdown of bam1 mutant plants was accompanied by decreased stomatal opening. Here, we show that drought tolerance of bam1 mutant plants is improved as compared to wild type controls. Microarray-analysis of stomata-specific transcripts from bam1 mutant plants revealed a significant down-regulation of genes encoding aquaporins, auxin- and ethylene-responsive factors and cell-wall modifying enzymes. This expression pattern suggests that reduced water-uptake and limited cell wall extension are associated with the closed state of stomata of bam1 mutant plants. Together these data suggest that regulation of stomata-specific starch turnover is important for adapting stomata opening to environmental needs and its breeding manipulation may result in drought tolerant crop plants.

2015-06-30 | GSE59315 | GEO

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