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Intragraft memory-like CD127hiCD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells maintain transplant tolerance

ABSTRACT: CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an essential role in suppressing transplant rejection but their role within the graft, is poorly understood. To address this, we compared phenotypic and transcriptomic characteristics of Treg populations within lymphoid-organs and grafts in an islet xenotransplant model of tolerance induced by co-stimulation blockade. In this study, Tregs were essential for tolerance induction and their numbers increased over time. Tregs demonstrated phenotypic and transcriptional heterogeneity within the graft, and lymphoid organs of tolerant mice. A sub-population of CD127highTreg with memory-like and suppressive features were present in high proportions within long surviving islet-grafts of tolerant mice and had a transcriptomic profile consistent with tissue-Tregs. Importantly these CD127highTregs were better able to prevent rejection by effector T cells, after adoptive transfer into secondary Rag-/- hosts, than naïve Tregs, or unselected Tregs isolated from tolerant mice. We propose that after initial development within the draining lymph node they undergo further genetic reprogramming within the graft towards a phenotype that has shared characteristics with other tissue or tumour Tregs. These findings provide a new focus for engineering such cells either in vivo or for adoptive transfer for inducing tolerance.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE220447 | GEO | 2024/03/22

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Measurement of specific gene expression in clinical samples is a promising approach for monitoring the recipient immune status to the graft in organ transplantation. Identification of biomarker genes closely associated with tolerance or rejection is critical for this monitoring protocol. Unlike previous studies, our microarray analysis focused on donor antigen-reactive T cells, which were prepared by collecting CD69+ T cells from cocultures of recipient peripheral T cells and donor antigen-presenting cells. A comparison of different recipient groups enabled us to identify several tolerance- and rejection-correlated biomarker genes, including previously unknown genes. By measuring biomarker gene expression in the CD69+ T cell fraction using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, we were able to precisely detect the immune status of recipients relative to their graft. Full-thickness donor (BDF1; C57BL/6 x DBA/2) tail skin was grafted onto recipient (C57BL/6) mice. Tolerance to the graft was induced by donor specific transfusion combined with administration of anti-CD40L Ab (MR-1). Total T lymphocytes were prepared from spleen and lymph nodes of tolerant recipient mice on day 100 after skin transplantation, untreated recipient mice on day 7, and ungrafted, healthy C57BL/6 mice and used as tolerant, rejecting and naïve T lymphocyte samples, respectively. In order to isolate alloantigen-reactive cells, T lymphocytes were cocultured with donor T cell-depleted splenocytes for 20-21 hours and then separated into two subpopulations based on CD69 expression using fluorescence cell sorter. Total RNA was extracted from these CD69+ and CD69- T cells and subjected to microarray using Illunima MouseWG-6 Expression BeadChip. All data analysis and visualization of differentially expressed genes was conducted using Illumina GenomeStudio v2009.2 (Gene Expression Module v1.5.4) and R statistical language v2.6.1. Candidate tolerance genes were defined as the common genes satisfying the following criteria; 1) 1.5 fold or higher expression in CD69+ T cells isolated from tolerant recipients than those from naïve mice, 2) 1.5 fold or higher expression in CD69+ T cells than CD69- T cells from tolerant mice, 3) 500 or higher average signal measured in CD69+ T cells from tolerant mice. The criteria for candidate rejection genes were 1) 1.5 fold or higher expression in CD69+ T cells isolated from rejecting recipients than those from tolerant mice, 2) 1.5 fold or higher expression in CD69+ T cells than CD69- T cells from rejecting mice, 3) 500 or higher average signal measured in CD69+ T cells from rejecting mice.

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Intragraft memory-like CD127hiCD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells maintain transplant tolerance

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