Skin gamma delta T cells in Obesity
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE22196 | GEO | 2010/07/01
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA128797
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:Epithelial cells provide an initial line of defense against damage and pathogens in barrier tissues such as the skin; however this balance is disrupted in obesity and metabolic disease. Skin gamma delta T cells recognize epithelial damage and release cytokines and growth factors that facilitate wound repair. To determine the impact of obesity and metabolic disease on skin gamma delta T cells, we isolated skin gamma delta T cells from 10-week old C57BLKS/J lean db/+ and obese db/db animals for further study. Due to a deficiency in the leptin receptor (db), homozygous db/db animals do not process satiety signals, continually eat and develop severe obesity and metabolic disease. Skin gamma delta T cells isolated from these animals were compared for changes in mRNA expression using microarray. We have determined that obesity and metabolic disease negatively impacts homeostasis and functionality of skin gamma delta T cells, rendering host defense mechanisms vulnerable to injury and infection. The goal of this experiment was to compare skin gamma delta T cells in a control mouse to skin gamma delta T cells isolated from an obese mouse to see what homeostatic changes occur in obesity and metabolic disease. gamma delta T cells were isolated from two 10-week old lean db/+ control and two 10-week old obese db/db animals for comparison. We wanted to determine which growth factors and signaling pathways were altered in skin gamma delta T cells residing in the obese environment.
2010-07-30 | E-GEOD-22196 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of insulin resistance and type II diabetes. The nuclear receptors PPAR delta and PPAR gamma play a central role in regulating metabolism in adipose tissue, as well as being targets for the treatment of insulin resistance. The metabolic effects of PPAR delta and PPAR gamma activation have been examined both in vivo in white adipose tissue from ob/ob mice and in vitro in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes using a combined 1H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry metabolomic methodology to understand the contrasting roles of these receptors. These steady state measurements were supplemented with 13C-stable isotope substrate labeling to assess fluxes, respirometry and transcriptomic microarray analysis. The metabolic effects of the two receptors were readily distinguished, with PPAR gamma ?activation characterised by increased fat storage and fat synthesis/elongation, while activation of PPAR delta caused increased fatty acid beta-oxidation, TCA cycle rate and oxidation of extracellular branch chain amino acids. Stimulated glycolysis and increased desaturation of fatty acids were the only common pathways. PPAR delta has a role as an anti-obesity target as well as an anti-diabetic. Total RNA obtained from cultured 3T3-L1 cells treated for 48 hours with either DMSO control, GW610742 PPARd agonist or GW347845 PPARg agonist and compared.
2011-07-13 | E-GEOD-26207 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Obesity-linked type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major health problem of global epidemic proportions. The onset of T2D is marked by an eventual failure in pancreatic β-cell function and mass that is no longer able to compensate for the inherent insulin resistance and increased metabolic load intrinsic to obesity. However, β-cells have an inbuilt adaptive flexibility enabling them to effectively adjust insulin production rates relative to the metabolic demand. In a commonly used model of obesity-linked T2D, the db/db mouse, we have recently shown that so-called β-cell dysfunction is symptomatic of a marked increase in insulin production attempting to compensate for increased metabolic load. Pancreatic β-cells from these animals have markedly reduced intracellular insulin stores, yet high rates of (pro)insulin secretion (illustrated by severe chronic hyperinsulinemia), together with a substantial increase in proinsulin biosynthesis highlighted by expanded rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. However, when the metabolic overload and/or hyperglycemia is normalized, β-cells from db/db mice quickly restore their insulin stores and normalize secretory function. This demonstrates the β-cell’s adaptive flexibility and indicates that therapeutic approaches applied to encourage β-cell rest are capable of restoring endogenous β-cell function. However, mechanisms that regulate β-cell adaptive flexibility are essentially unknown. To gain deeper mechanistic insight into the molecular events underlying β-cell adaptive flexibility in db/db β-cells, we conducted a combined proteomic and post-translational modification specific proteomic (PTMomics) approach on islets from db/db mice and wild-type controls (WT) with or without prior exposure to normal glucose levels. We identified differential modifications of proteins involved in cell redox homeostasis, protein refolding, protein K48-linked deubiquitination, mRNA/protein export along the microtubules, focal adhesion, ERK1/2 signaling, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone signaling, as well as phosphorylation-regulated sialyltransferase activity, associated with β-cell adaptive flexibility. These proteins are all related to proinsulin biosynthesis and processing, maturation of insulin secretory granules, and vesicular trafficking—core pathways involved in the adaptation of insulin production to meet metabolic demand. Collectively, this study outlines a novel and comprehensive global proteome and PTMome signaling map that highlights important molecular mechanisms related to the adaptive flexibility of β-cell function, providing improved insight into disease pathogenesis of T2D.
2020-05-18 | PXD016392 | panorama
Project description:Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of insulin resistance and type II diabetes. The nuclear receptors PPAR-delta and PPAR-gamma play a central role in regulating metabolism in adipose tissue, as well as being targets for the treatment of insulin resistance. The metabolic effects of PPAR-delta and PPAR-gamma activation have been examined both in vivo in white adipose tissue from ob/ob mice and in vitro in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes using a combined 1H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry metabolomic methodology to understand the contrasting roles of these receptors. These steady state measurements were supplemented with 13C-stable isotope substrate labeling to assess fluxes, respirometry and transcriptomic microarray analysis. The metabolic effects of the two receptors were readily distinguished, with PPAR-gamma activation characterised by increased fat storage and fat synthesis/elongation, while activation of PPAR-delta caused increased fatty acid beta-oxidation, TCA cycle rate and oxidation of extracellular branch chain amino acids. Stimulated glycolysis and increased desaturation of fatty acids were the only common pathways. PPAR-delta has a role as an anti-obesity target as well as an anti-diabetic.
2011-07-14 | GSE26207 | GEO
Project description:In several models of obesity-induced diabetes, increased lipid accumulation in the liver has been associated with decreased diabetes susceptibility. For instance, deficiency in leptin receptor (db/db) leads to hyperphagia and obesity in both C57BL/6 and C57BLKS mice but, only on the C57BLKS background do the mice develop beta-cell loss leading to severe diabetes while C57BL/6 mice are relatively resistant. Liver triglyceride levels in the resistant C57BL/6 mice are 3 to 4 fold higher than in C57BLKS. To better understand the mechanisms contributing to metabolic dysfunction in obesity-induced diabetes, we used microarrays to comprehensively profile gene expression livers of F2 mice (B57BL/6 X DBA/2) deficient in leptin receptor (db/db) DBA/2J females were mated to C57BL/6 males carrying leptin receptor deficiency (db/+) and, F1 (db/+) offspring were interbred to produce F2 mice. Offspring deficient in leptin receptor (db/db) were fed on a chow diet until 5 weeks or 12 weeks of age and then euthanized for collection of liver tissue for RNA profiling along with other diabetes-related phenotypes.
2011-12-29 | E-GEOD-30140 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Background: Malignant clones of primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) can show a CD4+, CD8+ or T-cell receptor γδ+ phenotype, but their individual impact on tumor biology and skin lesion formation remains ill-defined. We perform a comprehensive molecular characterization of CD4+ vs. CD8+ and TCR-γ/δ+ CTCL lesions. Methods: We performed scRNA-seq of 18 CTCL skin biopsies to compare classic CD4+ advanced-stage mycosis fungoides (MF) with TCR-γ/δ+ MF and primary cutaneous CD8+ aggressive epidermotropic cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma (Berti’s lymphoma). Results: Malignant clones of TCR-γ/δ+ MF and Berti’s lymphoma showed similar clustering patterns distinct from CD4+ MF, along with increased expression of cytotoxic markers such as NKG7, CTSW, GZMA, and GZMM. Only advanced-stage CD4+MF clones expressed central memory T-cell markers (SELL, CCR7, LEF1), alongside B1/B2 blood involvement, whereas TCR-γ/δ+ MF and Berti’s lymphoma harbored a more tissue-resident phenotype (CD69, CXCR4, NR4A1) without detectable cells in the blood. CD4+ MF and TCR-γ/δ+ MF skin lesions harbored strong type 2 immune activation across myeloid cells, while Berti’s lymphoma was more skewed towards type 1 immune responses. Both CD4+ MF and TCR-γ/δ+ MF lesions showed upregulation of keratinocyte hyperactivation markers such as S100As and KRT16 genes. This increase was entirely absent in Berti’s lymphoma, possibly reflecting an aberrant keratinocyte response to invading tumor cells, that could contribute to the formation of the typical ulcero-necrotic lesions within this entity. Conclusions: Our scRNAseq profiling study reveals specific molecular patterns associated with distinct CTCL subtypes.
2024-10-24 | GSE266862 | GEO
Project description:In several models of obesity-induced diabetes, increased lipid accumulation in the liver has been associated with decreased diabetes susceptibility. For instance, deficiency in leptin receptor (db/db) leads to hyperphagia and obesity in both C57BL/6 and C57BLKS mice but, only on the C57BLKS background do the mice develop beta-cell loss leading to severe diabetes while C57BL/6 mice are relatively resistant. Liver triglyceride levels in the resistant C57BL/6 mice are 3 to 4 fold higher than in C57BLKS. To better understand the mechanisms contributing to metabolic dysfunction in obesity-induced diabetes, we used microarrays to comprehensively profile gene expression livers of F2 mice (B57BL/6 X DBA/2) deficient in leptin receptor (db/db)
2011-12-29 | GSE30140 | GEO
Project description:Gamma-delta T cells are potent anti-cancer effectors with the potential to target tumours broadly, independent of patient-specific neoantigens or HLA background. Gamma-delta T cells can sense conserved cell stress signals prevalent in transformed cells, although the mechanisms behind the targeting of stressed target cells remain poorly characterized. Vg9Vd2 T cells – the most abundant subset of human gamma-delta T cells – recognize a protein complex containing butyrophilin 2A1 (BTN2A1) and BTN3A1, a widely expressed cell surface protein that is activated by phosphoantigens abundantly produced by tumour cells. Here, we layered genome-wide CRISPR screens in target cancer cells to identify pathways that regulate: (1) killing by gamma-delta T cells during co-culture, and (2) BTN3A cell surface expression. In addition to confirming the importance of the phosphoantigen-producing mevalonate pathway, the screens revealed previously unappreciated multilayered regulation of BTN3A abundance on the cell surface and triggering of gamma-delta T cells through transcription, post-translational modifications, membrane trafficking. Notably, IRF1 and ZNF217 were discovered to be positive and negative transcriptional regulators that directly occupy the promoters of BTN3A1/2/3 genes. In addition, diverse genetic perturbations and inhibitors disrupting metabolic pathways in the cancer cells, particularly ATP-producing processes, were found to alter BTN3A levels. This induction of BTN3A, as well as BTN2A1, during metabolic crises was dependent on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Finally, small molecule activation of AMPK in a cell line model and in patient-derived tumour organoids led to increased expression of the BTN2A1-BTN3A complex and increased Vg9Vd2 TCR-mediated killing. This AMPK-dependent mechanism of metabolic stress-induced ligand upregulation deepens our understanding of gamma-delta T cell stress surveillance and suggests new avenues to enhance gamma-delta T cell anti-cancer activity.
2023-05-05 | GSE192828 | GEO
Project description:Gamma-delta T cells are potent anti-cancer effectors with the potential to target tumours broadly, independent of patient-specific neoantigens or HLA background. Gamma-delta T cells can sense conserved cell stress signals prevalent in transformed cells, although the mechanisms behind the targeting of stressed target cells remain poorly characterized. Vg9Vd2 T cells – the most abundant subset of human gamma-delta T cells – recognize a protein complex containing butyrophilin 2A1 (BTN2A1) and BTN3A1, a widely expressed cell surface protein that is activated by phosphoantigens abundantly produced by tumour cells. Here, we layered genome-wide CRISPR screens in target cancer cells to identify pathways that regulate: (1) killing by gamma-delta T cells during co-culture, and (2) BTN3A cell surface expression. In addition to confirming the importance of the phosphoantigen-producing mevalonate pathway, the screens revealed previously unappreciated multilayered regulation of BTN3A abundance on the cell surface and triggering of gamma-delta T cells through transcription, post-translational modifications, membrane trafficking. Notably, IRF1 and ZNF217 were discovered to be positive and negative transcriptional regulators that directly occupy the promoters of BTN3A1/2/3 genes. In addition, diverse genetic perturbations and inhibitors disrupting metabolic pathways in the cancer cells, particularly ATP-producing processes, were found to alter BTN3A levels. This induction of BTN3A, as well as BTN2A1, during metabolic crises was dependent on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Finally, small molecule activation of AMPK in a cell line model and in patient-derived tumour organoids led to increased expression of the BTN2A1-BTN3A complex and increased Vg9Vd2 TCR-mediated killing. This AMPK-dependent mechanism of metabolic stress-induced ligand upregulation deepens our understanding of gamma-delta T cell stress surveillance and suggests new avenues to enhance gamma-delta T cell anti-cancer activity.
2023-05-04 | GSE226931 | GEO