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A Phase II Trial of Guadecitabine plus Atezolizumab in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma Progressing after Initial Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy (NGS)

ABSTRACT: We designed a Phase II clinical trial testing the combination of guadecitabine (DNMTi) and atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1) with the goal to re-stimulate the immune mediated anticancer effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in metastatic urothelial carcinoma patients who were resistant to prior ICI treatment. No RECIST criteria responses were observed, however, patients could be separated into those with either progressive or stable disease outcomes. Analysis of the tumors did not show substantial DNA hypomethylation in the tumor or the upregulation of viral mimicry after two cycles of combination treatment. We did, however, observe that the therapy associated with immune activation of circulating immune cells and abundance of tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells within the tumor, which were correlated with a longer survival outcome. Our results suggest that further studies to target the reprogramming of T cells with alternate methodologies may be of benefit in this disease setting.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE222932 | GEO | 2023/03/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), have revolutionized the treatment of many cancers, producing significant improvements in survival in patients with many different cancers. However, the intended anti-tumor effects also result in a unique form of autoimmunity, known as immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which have emerged as a limiting factor for many immunotherapies. Cutaneous irAEs (cirAEs), the most frequently occurring ICI–related toxicities, have been associated with improved efficacy and survival but, in their severe forms, require systemic steroids and have in cases led to premature ICI discontinuation and fatality. There is a need for both robust biomarkers and adequate models that effectively predict which patients who develop irAEs may have improved outcomes. Using a microfluidic droplet technology that generates "mini" patient-derived organoids called MicroOrganoSpheres (MOSTM), we successfully generated skin MOS from skin biopsy samples in both healthy skin and tumor-involved skin that sustain the original patient skin immune microenvironment over three weeks. Using this model, we assessed skin cell toxicity and cytokine release in response to ICI and targeted therapies. Clinical responses were largely consistent with the skin and tumor MOS assay readouts, indicating that MOS recapitulates the potential association between skin irAEs and efficacy. Matched pairs of patient melanoma and skin MOS showed good concordance with patient outcome indicating that MOS recapitulates the potential association between skin irAEs and efficacy. Enrichment of genes associated with atopic dermatitis, vitiligo, and psoriatic dermatitis were observed in MOS generated from skin of an ICI-sensitive patient compared to the MOS generated from skin of an ICI-resistant patient. These results indicated that the skin MOS platform can potentially predict the dermatological toxicity of ICI. As the MOS assay can be completed within 12 days after biopsy acquisition, this novel technology may enable personalized medicine approaches by prediction of cirAEs and efficacy for individual patients.

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A Phase II Trial of Guadecitabine plus Atezolizumab in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma Progressing after Initial Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy (NGS)

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