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METTL3-mediated m6A modification controls splicing factor abundance and contributes to CLL progression [Ribo-seq]

ABSTRACT: RNA splicing dysregulation is a hallmark of cancers, promoting the onset and progression of disease. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), spliceosome mutations leading to aberrant splicing occur in ~20% of patients. However, the underlying mechanism for splicing defects in spliceosome unmutated CLL cases remains elusive. Through an integrative transcriptomic and proteomic analysis, we discover proteins involved in RNA splicing are post-transcriptionally upregulated in CLL cells, resulting in splicing dysregulation. The abundance of splicing (factors) complexes is an independent risk factor and associated with poor prognosis in CLL. Moreover, increased splicing factor expression is highly correlated with METTL3, an RNA methyltransferase that modifies N6-methyladenosine (m6A) on mRNA. METTL3 is essential for cell growth in vitro and in vivo, and controls splicing factor protein expression in a methyltransferase-dependent manner through m6A modification mediated ribosome recycling and decoding process. Our results uncover a novel regulatory axis of METTL3 for splicing dysregulation in CLL and highlight m6A modification as a major contributor to spliceosome mutation-independent splicing defects that lead to CLL progression.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE223730 | GEO | 2023/03/03

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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METTL3-mediated m6A modification controls splicing factor abundance and contributes to CLL progression [MeRIP-seq]

Project description:RNA splicing dysregulation is a hallmark of cancers, promoting the onset and progression of disease. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), spliceosome mutations leading to aberrant splicing occur in ~20% of patients. However, the underlying mechanism for splicing defects in spliceosome unmutated CLL cases remains elusive. Through an integrative transcriptomic and proteomic analysis, we discover proteins involved in RNA splicing are post-transcriptionally upregulated in CLL cells, resulting in splicing dysregulation. The abundance of splicing (factors) complexes is an independent risk factor and associated with poor prognosis in CLL. Moreover, increased splicing factor expression is highly correlated with METTL3, an RNA methyltransferase that modifies N6-methyladenosine (m6A) on mRNA. METTL3 is essential for cell growth in vitro and in vivo, and controls splicing factor protein expression in a methyltransferase-dependent manner through m6A modification mediated ribosome recycling and decoding process. Our results uncover a novel regulatory axis of METTL3 for splicing dysregulation in CLL and highlight m6A modification as a major contributor to spliceosome mutation-independent splicing defects that lead to CLL progression.

2023-03-03 | GSE223729 | GEO

METTL3-mediated m6A modification controls splicing factor abundance and contributes to CLL progression [RNA-seq]

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METTL3-mediated m6A modification is required for cerebellar development m6A modification and cerebellar development

Project description:N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation is the most abundant modification on mRNAs and plays important roles in various biological processes. The formation of m6A is catalyzed by a methyltransferase complex including methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3) as a key factor. However, the in vivo functions of METTL3 and m6A modification in mammalian development remain unclear. Here we show that specific inactivation of Mettl3 in mouse nervous system causes severe developmental defects in the brain. Mettl3 conditional knockout mice manifest cerebellar hypoplasia caused by drastically enhanced apoptosis of new born cerebellar granule cells (CGCs) in the external granular layer (EGL). METTL3 depletion induced loss of m6A modification causes extended RNA half-lives and aberrant splicing events, consequently leading to dysregulation of transcriptome-wide gene expression and premature CGC death. Our findings reveal a critical role of METTL3-mediated m6A in regulating the development of mammalian cerebellum.

2018-07-15 | GSE100528 | GEO

Identification and Characterization of the Mammalian Nuclear RNA N6-Adenosine Methyltransferase Core Complex

Project description:N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent internal modification found in mammalian messenger and non-coding RNAs. The discoveries of functionally significant demethylases that reverse this methylation as well as the recently revealed m6A distributions in mammalian transcriptomes strongly indicate regulatory functions of this modification. Here we report the identification and characterization of the mammalian nuclear RNA N6-adenosine methyltransferase core (RNMTC) complex. Besides METTL3, a methyltransferase which was the only known component of RNMTC in the past, we discovered that a previously uncharacterized methyltransferase, METTL14, exhibits a N6-adenosine methyltransferase activity higher than METTL3. Together with WTAP, the third component that dramatically affects the cellular m6A level, these three proteins form the core complex that orchestrates m6A deposition on mammalian nuclear RNA. Biochemistry assays, imaging experiments, as well as transcriptome-wide analyses of the binding sites and their effects on m6A methylation support methylation function and reveal new insights of RNMTC. PAR-CLIP and m6A-seq in HeLa cells

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Non-canonical function of histone methyltransferase G9a in the translational regulation of chronic inflammation

Project description:We report a novel translation-regulatory function of G9a, a histone methyltransferase and well-understood transcriptional repressor, in promoting hyperinflammation and lymphopenia; two hallmarks of endotoxin tolerance (ET)-associated chronic inflammatory complications. Using multiple approaches, we demonstrate that G9a interacts with multiple translation regulators during ET, particularly the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methyltransferase METTL3, to co-upregulate expression of certain m6A-modified mRNAs that encode immune-checkpoint and anti-inflammatory proteins. Mechanistically, G9a promotes m6A methyltransferase activity of METTL3 at translational/post-translational level by regulating its expression, its methylation, and its cytosolic localization during ET. Additionally, from a broader view extended from the G9a-METTL3-m6A translation regulatory axis, our translatome proteomics approach identified numerous “G9a-translated” proteins that unite the networks associated with inflammation dysregulation, T cell dysfunction, and systemic cytokine response. In sum, we identified a previously unrecognized function of G9a in protein-specific translation that can be leveraged to treat ET-related chronic inflammatory diseases.

2023-10-20 | PXD044382 | Pride

Mettl3-m6A-YTHDF1 axis promotion of mitochondrial dysfunction in metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)

Project description:The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mRNA modification and the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) hold paramount importance in the advancement of MASLD. This study thoroughly investigates the relationship and impact of m6A mRNA modification and mitochondrial function in the progression of MASLD. Here we report that the mRNA and protein levels of mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) subunits showed inconsistent trends in vivo experiments. Abnormal m6A modification and mitochondrial dysfunction in MASLD were attributed to the upregulation of methyltransferase like 3 (Mettl3) and the downregulation of YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 1 (YTHDF1) induced by high-fat foods. Mettl3 promoted the MRC's function. However, knockout of the reader protein YTHDF1, which plays a crucial role in the m6A modification process, counteracted the effect of Mettl3 and suppressed MRC. In MASLD, damage to the MRC may be regulated by the Mettl3-m6A-YTHDF1 complex axis, especially by the role of YTHDF1. Our research has offered a novel perspective on the involvement of m6A mRNA methylation in the pathogenesis of MASLD.

2024-09-20 | PXD047819 | Pride

Arabidopsis Messenger RNA N6-methyladenosine Demethylation Regulates Plant Development

Project description:N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal modification in the messenger RNA (mRNA) of all higher eukaryotes. This modification has been shown to be reversible in mammals; it is installed by a methyltransferase heterodimer complex of METTL3 and METTL14 bound with WTAP, and reversed by iron(II)- and Î±-ketoglutarate-dependent demethylases FTO and ALKBH5. This modification exhibits significant functional roles in various biological processes. The m6A modification as a RNA mark is recognized by reader proteins, such as YTH domain family proteins and HNRNPA2B1; m6A can also act as a structure switch to affect RNA-protein interactions for biological regulation. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the methyltransferase subunit MTA (the plant orthologue of human METTL3, encoded by At4g10760) was well characterized and FIP37 (the plant orthologue of human WTAP) was first identified as the interacting partner of MTA. Here we report the discovery and characterization of reversible m6A methylation mediated by AtALKBH10B (encoded by At4g02940) in A. thaliana, and noticeable roles of this RNA demethylase in affecting plant development and floral transition. Our findings reveal potential broad functions of reversible mRNA methylation in plants. m6A peaks were identified from wild type Columbia-0 and atalkbh10b-1 mutant in two biological replicates

2016-03-24 | E-GEOD-79523 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Zc3h13/Flacc is required for adenosine methylation by bridging the mRNA binding factor Rbm15/Spenito to other components of the m6A machinery

Project description:N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is an abundant RNA modification in eukaryotes, playing crucial roles in multiple biological processes. m6A is catalyzed by the activity of Mettl3, which depends on additional proteins whose precise functions remain poorly understood. Here we identified Flacc/Zc3h13 as a novel interactor of m6A methyltransferase complex components in Drosophila and mouse. Like other components, Flacc controls m6A levels and is involved in sex determination in Drosophila. We demonstrate that Flacc promotes the recruitment of the methyltransferase to mRNA by bridging Fl(2)d to the mRNA binding factor Spenito. Altogether, our work advances our molecular understanding of conservation and regulation of the m6A machinery.

2018-12-20 | PXD008111 | Pride

Widespread N6-methyladenosine-dependent RNA Structural Switches Regulate RNA-Protein Interactions

Project description:We show that N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most abundant internal modification in mRNA/lncRNA with still poorly characterized function, alters RNA structure to facilitate the access of RBM for heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (hnRNP C). We term this mechanism m6A-switch. Through combining PAR-CLIP with Me-RIP, we identify 39,060 m6A-switches among hnRNP C binding sites transcriptome-wide. We show that m6A-methyltransferases METTL3 or METTL14 knockdown decreases hnRNP C binding at 16,582 m6A-switches. Taken together, 2,798 m6A-switches of high confidence are identified to mediate RNA-hnRNP C interactions and affect diverse biological processes including cell cycle regulation. These findings reveal the biological importance of m6A and provide insights into the sophisticated regulation of RNA-RBP interactions through m6A-induced RNA structural remodeling. Measure the m6A methylated hnRNP C binding sites transcriptome-wide by PARCLIP-MeRIP; measure the differential hnRNP C occupancies upon METTL3/METTL14 knockdown by PAR-CLIP; measure RNA abundance and splicing level changes upon HNRNPC, METTL3 and METTL14 knockdown

2015-02-27 | E-GEOD-56010 | biostudies-arrayexpress

RNA m6A methylation regulates sorafenib-resistance in liver cancer through FOXO3-mediated autophagy [m6A RIP-seq]

Project description:N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a type of nucleotide modification abundant in mRNA, which regulates mRNA stability, splicing and translation. However, its physiological role in intratumoral microenvironment and drug resistancehave not been fully understood. We demonstrated that METTL3,a primary m6A methyltransferase, was significantly down-regulated in human sorafenib-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Depletion of METTL3 under hypoxia promoted sorafenib-resistance and angiogenesis and exacerbated progression by activating autophagy-associated pathway. Mechanistically, we identified FOXO3 as a key downstream target of the METTL3-mediated m6A modification. The m6A modification of FOXO3 at the 3'-untranslated region increased FOXO3 mRNA stability. Analysis of clinical samples showed that METTL3levels aretightly correlated with FOXO3levels in patients with HCC, and suppression of FOXO3 predicted poor clinical outcomes. Importantly, METTL3-depletion significantly enhanced sorafenib-resistance of HCC via a METTL3-FOXO3 axis, whereasoverexpression of FOXO3 restored the m6A-dependent sorafenib-sensitivity. Collectively, our work revealedthe critical function of the METTL3-mediated m6A modification in HCC in hypoxic tumor microenvironment, and provided insights into the molecular mechanism of the m6A modification in the resistance of HCC to sorafenib therapy.

2020-04-03 | GSE143234 | GEO

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