A framework to identify functional interactors that contribute to disrupted early retinal development in Vsx2 mutant mice
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT: This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below. The Vsx2 homeobox gene is expressed in the newly formed retinal domain during early eye development and mutations in the Vsx2 gene cause congenital microphthalmia. The primary disruptions in the early retina are compromised retinal identity (lineage infidelity), reduced proliferation, and delayed neurogenesis. One goal of the study was to use gene expression profiling to predict genetic interactions between Vsx2 and candidate functional interactors that contribute to the early retinal phenotype of the Vsx2-null mouse strain ocular retardation J (orJ). The orJ allele is a spontaneous, recessive allele caused by the presence of a premature stop codon in the Vsx2 homeodomain. The datasets contained within are from three independent experimental designs. One was to compare the retinal gene expression profiles from E12.5 embryos that are one of three genotypes: the orJ-homozygous mutant, the combinatorial orJ; Mitfmi heterozygous mutant, and the orJ-heterozygous mouse (control). Another analysis was to compare the gene expression profiles of E12.5 orJ-homozygous mutant retinal tissues cultured for 24 hour in the presence or absence of the RXR antagonist HX531. The other analysis was to compare the gene expression profiles of E12.5 orJ-homozygous mutant retinal tissues cultured for 24 hour in the presence or absence of the gamma-Secretase antagonist Dibenzazipine (DBZ).
Project description:These datasets contain the transcriptomes from E12.5 mouse retinal tissues from embryos carrying three different combinations of the Vsx2 ocular retardation J (orJ) allele and the Mitf mi (mi) allele: orJ-heterozygous, which serves as the control, orJ-homozygous, and orJ-homozygous; mi-heterozygous. The orJ allele is a recessive loss of function and the mi allele is semi-dominant. Mitf is direct target of repression by Vsx2 in the retina and is an established causal factor in the orJ ocular phenotype of microphthalmia. The goal of this analysis was to determine if blocking Mitf function in the orJ mutant would restore retinal gene expression to wild type levels. All libraries were prepared and sequenced together, facilitating direct comparisons of the gene expression profiles across the 3 genotypes.
Project description:These datasets contain the transcriptomes from E12.5 orJ-homozygous (orJ mutant) retinal tissues after organotypic culture of retina and lens for 24 hours in the presence or absence of the Retinoid-X-Receptor (RXR) antagonist HX531. The Retinoid X receptor gamma (Rxrg) gene was identified as a highly upregulated gene from the retinal RNA-Seq profile of the E12.5 orJ mutant compared to the orJ-heterozygous (control) (add in GEO accession numbers for that data). The goal of this analysis was to determine if blocking RXR activity would restore gene expression to wild type levels by comparing the retinal gene expression profiles of biological replicates from 100 nM HX531-treated and vehicle-treated (0.1% DMSO) cultures.
Project description:These datasets contain the transcriptomes from E12.5 orJ-homozygous (orJ mutant) retinal tissues after organotypic culture of retina and lens for 24 hours in the presence or absence of the gamma-Secretase inhibitor Dibenzazipine (DBZ). A trait of the orJ mutant retina is the persistence of retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) during development despite greatly reduced proliferation and delayed neurogenesis. This led us to test whether gamma secretase activity was maintaining the RPC population in the orJ mutant retina, possibly through Notch signaling. The goal of this analysis was to determine if blocking gamma-Secretase activity would shift RPCs from a progenitor to a neurogenic state by comparing the retinal gene expression profiles of biological replicates from 300 nM DBZ-treated and vehicle-treated (0.1% DMSO) cultures.
Project description:Gene expression analysis of retinas from a mouse model of the mild form of Zellweger spectrum disorder (ZSD). Mice homozygous for the hypomorphic Pex1-G844D allele, the murine ortholog of the human PEX1-G843D mutation found in a subset of patients with autosomal recessive ZSD, develop phenotypes found in humans with a milder form of ZSD, including retinal degeneration and vision loss. Similar to humans, mice heterozygous for the hypomorphic Pex1-G844D allele do not display age-related retinal abnormalities. We conducted a comparative analysis of retinal gene expression profile from Pex1-G844D homozygous and heterozygous mice in order to investigate the pathomechanisms of vision loss in humans with mild forms of ZSD. Whole retinas were obtained from 4 mice homozygous and 4 mice heterozygous for the hypomorphic Pex1-G844D allele, the murine ortholog of the human PEX1-G843D mutation found in a subset of patients with autosomal recessive Zellweger spectrum disorder (ZSD). The former group of animals show abnormal age-related related retinal degeneration due to peroxisome assembly defect resulting from having two copies of the hypomorphic Pex1-G844D allele. The latter group of animals display no evidence of abnormal age-related retinal degeneration due to the presence of one wild type copy of the Pex1 gene. The overall goal was to identify differentially expressed genes between mice homozygous and heterozygous for the hypomorphic Pex1-G844D allele that are informative of the pathomechanisms of age-related retinal degeneration in the former group.
Project description:The aim of this experiment was to investigate the dysregulation of gene expression in whole E12.5 embryos containing a gene trap (CH) or point mutation (H275R) within the Klf3 gene Affymetrix microarrays were performed on RNA from wildtype, Klf3 H275R/H275R, Klf3 H275R/+, Klf3 CH homozygous and Klf3 CH heterozygous E12.5 embryos Four wildtype replicates, three Klf3 H275R/H275R replicates, four Klf3 H275R/+ replicates, four Klf3 CH homozygous replicates and two Klf3 CH heterozygous replicates of whole E12.5 embryos, litter-matched where possible.
Project description:The roles of retinal cis-regulatory landscape in controlling the expression of gene regulatory networks important for retinogenesis remain poorly understood. Vsx2 is a transcription factor essential for retinal proliferation and bipolar cell differentiation but the molecular mechanisms underlying its developmental roles are unclear. Here, we profiled VSX2 genomic occupancy during mouse retinogenesis, revealing extensive retinal gene regulatory networks associated with Vsx2 during development. We defined an autoregulatory loop in which VSX2 binds and transactivates its own enhancer in association with the transcription factor PAX6 . The Vsx2 regulatory landscape contains elements that are required for Vsx2 expression, retinal proliferation and proper cell type differentiation. We further show that retinae in which the Vsx2 enhancer landscape has been largely deleted suffer a bias toward photoreceptor production. Genomic data indicate that VSX2 occupies cis-regulatory elements nearby genes associated with photoreceptor differentiation and homeostasis in mouse and human retinae, including a conserved region nearby the rod-specifying factor Prdm1. We provide evidence that VSX2 associates with OTX2 and can act to suppress OTX2-dependent enhancer transactivation of Prdm1 enhancer. Taken together, our analyses illuminate important mechanistic insights on how VSX2 is engaged with gene regulatory networks that are essential for retinal proliferation and cell fate acquisition.
Project description:The roles of retinal cis-regulatory landscape in controlling the expression of gene regulatory networks important for retinogenesis remain poorly understood. Vsx2 is a transcription factor essential for retinal proliferation and bipolar cell differentiation but the molecular mechanisms underlying its developmental roles are unclear. Here, we profiled VSX2 genomic occupancy during mouse retinogenesis, revealing extensive retinal gene regulatory networks associated with Vsx2 during development. We defined an autoregulatory loop in which VSX2 binds and transactivates its own enhancer in association with the transcription factor PAX6 . The Vsx2 regulatory landscape contains elements that are required for Vsx2 expression, retinal proliferation and proper cell type differentiation. We further show that retinae in which the Vsx2 enhancer landscape has been largely deleted suffer a bias toward photoreceptor production. Genomic data indicate that VSX2 occupies cis-regulatory elements nearby genes associated with photoreceptor differentiation and homeostasis in mouse and human retinae, including a conserved region nearby the rod-specifying factor Prdm1. We provide evidence that VSX2 associates with OTX2 and can act to suppress OTX2-dependent enhancer transactivation of Prdm1 enhancer. Taken together, our analyses illuminate important mechanistic insights on how VSX2 is engaged with gene regulatory networks that are essential for retinal proliferation and cell fate acquisition.
Project description:The roles of retinal cis-regulatory landscape in controlling the expression of gene regulatory networks important for retinogenesis remain poorly understood. Vsx2 is a transcription factor essential for retinal proliferation and bipolar cell differentiation but the molecular mechanisms underlying its developmental roles are unclear. Here, we profiled VSX2 genomic occupancy during mouse retinogenesis, revealing extensive retinal gene regulatory networks associated with Vsx2 during development. We defined an autoregulatory loop in which VSX2 binds and transactivates its own enhancer in association with the transcription factor PAX6 . The Vsx2 regulatory landscape contains elements that are required for Vsx2 expression, retinal proliferation and proper cell type differentiation. We further show that retinae in which the Vsx2 enhancer landscape has been largely deleted suffer a bias toward photoreceptor production. Genomic data indicate that VSX2 occupies cis-regulatory elements nearby genes associated with photoreceptor differentiation and homeostasis in mouse and human retinae, including a conserved region nearby the rod-specifying factor Prdm1. We provide evidence that VSX2 associates with OTX2 and can act to suppress OTX2-dependent enhancer transactivation of Prdm1 enhancer. Taken together, our analyses illuminate important mechanistic insights on how VSX2 is engaged with gene regulatory networks that are essential for retinal proliferation and cell fate acquisition.
Project description:Aging is a significant factor in the development of age-related diseases but the molecular underpinnings of how aging disrupts cellular homeostasis to cause retinal disease is unknown. Here, we further our studies on Transmembrane protein 135 (Tmem135), a gene involved in retinal aging, by examining the transcriptomic profiles of wildtype, heterozygous and homozygous Tmem135 mutant posterior eyecup samples through RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). We found significant gene expression changes in both heterozygous and homozygous Tmem135 mutant mouse eyecups that correlates with visual function deficits. Further analysis revealed many genes involved in lipid metabolism are changed due to the Tmem135 mutation. We confirm these changes by finding increased lipid accumulation in mutant Tmem135 eyecup samples. Since mutant Tmem135 mice have similar ocular pathologies as human age-related macular degeneration (AMD) eyes, we compared our homozygous Tmem135 mutant eyecup RNA-Seq dataset with datasets of human AMD donor eyes. We find similar changes in genes involved in lipid metabolism between the homozygous Tmem135 mutant eyecups and AMD donor eyes. Our study suggests that the Tmem135 mutation affects lipid metabolism as similarly observed in human AMD eyes, thus Tmem135 mutant mice can serve as a good model for the role of dysregulated lipid metabolism in AMD.