The 3’ Untranslated Region (3’UTR) Coding Sequence of PHO84, Rather Than the Antisense RNA, Promotes Gene Repression
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Saccharomyces cerevisiae
PROVIDER: GSE227252 | GEO | 2023/08/17
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:PHO84 is a budding yeast gene reported to be negatively regulated by its cognate antisense transcripts both in cis and in trans. In this study, we performed Transient-transcriptome sequencing (TT-seq) to investigate the correlation of sense/antisense pairs in a dbp2Δ strain and found over 700 sense/antisense pairs, including PHO84, to be positively correlated, contrasting the prevailing model. To define what mechanism regulates the PHO84 gene and how this regulation could have been originally attributed to repression by the antisense transcript, we conducted a series of molecular biology and genetics experiments. We now report that the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of PHO84 plays a repressive role in sense expression, an activity not linked to the antisense transcripts. Moreover, we provide results of a genetic screen for 3'UTR-dependent repression of PHO84 and show that the vast majority of identified factors are linked to negative regulation. Finally, we show that the PHO84 promoter and terminator form gene loops which correlate with transcriptional repression, and that the RNA-binding protein, Tho1, increases this looping and the 3'UTR-dependent repression. Our results negate the current model for antisense non-coding transcripts of PHO84 and suggest that many of these transcripts are byproducts of open chromatin.
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Project description:VEGF165 is one of the key regulators of tumor development. Using HCT116 cells transfected with full-length vegf mRNA, full-length vegf mRNA with mutations of H9D and L14E, mutated vegf mRNAs lacking untranslated regions (UTRs), and 5’UTR mutated between nt 591 and nt 746, we found that vegf 5’UTR resided an anti-apoptotic activity against chemotherapy independently of VEGF165. We next established HCT116 clones stably expressing vegf 5’UTR or the mutated vegf 5’UTR. The cells expressing 5’UTR, but not the mutated UTR, showed the drug-resistant phenotype, anchorage-independent growth, and rapid tumor growth when implanted in athymic nude mice. Microarray and real-time PCR showed that the vegf 5’UTR-expressing tumors up-regulated anti-apoptotic genes including mia and down-regulated pro-apoptotic genes including fas, pdcd1, nrg1, and bax. Microarray analysis also revealed specific down-regulation of IFN-inducible genes (43 genes) in the growing tumors. HCT116 cells stably transcribing vegf 5’UTR decreased STAT1 expression and IFN alpha-STAT1 pathway. In addition to 5-fluorouracil treatment, the vegf 5’UTR-expressing tumors did not respond to IFN alpha therapy at all. This novel tumor-promoting function in the vegf 5’UTR may partly explain the insufficiency of the VEGF-VEGFR strategies and suggest a vegf-targeted silencing strategy as a more effective anti-tumor therapy. Keywords: genetic modification
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Project description:Bacterial 5' untranslated regions of mRNA (UTR) involve in a complex regulation of gene expression; however, the exact sequence features contributing to gene regulation are not yet fully understood. In this study, we report the design of a novel 5' UTR, dual UTR, utilizing the transcriptional and translational characteristics of 5' UTRs in a single expression cassette. The dual UTR consists of two 5' UTRs, each separately leading to either increase in transcription or translation of the reporter, that are separated by a spacer region, enabling de novo translation initiation. We rationally create dual UTRs with a wide range of expression profiles and demonstrate the functionality of the novel design concept in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida using different promoter systems and coding sequences. Overall, we demonstrate the application potential of dual UTR design concept in various synthetic biology applications ranging from fine-tuning of gene expression to maximization of protein production.
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Project description:The functional consequences of genetic variants within 5’ untranslated regions (UTRs) on a genome-wide scale are poorly understood in disease. We developed a high-throughput multi-layer massively parallel sequencing-based method called PLUMAGE (Pooled full-length UTR Multiplex Assay on Gene Expression) to quantify the molecular consequences of somatic 5’ UTR mutations found across 229 prostate cancer patients with localized to metastatic disease. We show that 5’ UTR mutations can control both transcript levels and mRNA translation rates through the creation of new DNA binding elements or RNA-based cis-regulatory motifs. We also discover that single point mutations can simultaneously impact both transcript levels and mRNA translation of the same gene. Using gene editing technology, we validate that a single point mutation in the oncogenic CKS2 5’ UTR can increase mRNA specific translation. Turning to a molecular pathway critical for cancer, we provide evidence that functional 5’ UTR mutations in the MAP kinase signaling pathway can upregulate pathway-specific gene expression and are associated with distinct clinical outcomes. Our study reveals the diverse mechanisms by which the mutational landscape of 5’ UTRs can co-opt multiple levels of gene expression and demonstrates that single nucleotide alternations within leader sequences are functional in cancer.
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Project description:Mature messenger RNAs (mRNAs) consist of coding sequence (CDS) and 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions, typically expected to show similar abundance within a given neuron. Examining mRNA from defined neurons we unexpectedly show extremely common unbalanced expression of cognate 3’ UTR and CDS sequences, observing many genes with high UTR relative to CDS, and others with high CDS to UTR. By in situ hybridization 19 of 19 genes examined show a broad range of UTR to CDS expression ratios in different neurons and other tissues. These ratios may be spatially graded or change with developmental age, but are consistent across animals. Further, for two genes examined, a UTR to CDS ratio above a particular threshold in any given neuron correlated with reduced or undetectable protein expression. Our findings raise questions about the role of isolated UTR sequences in regulation of protein expression, and highlight the importance of separately examining UTR and CDS sequences in gene expression analyses.
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Project description:Mature microRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded RNAs of 18-24 nucleotides that repress post-transcriptional gene expression. However, it is unknown whether the functions of mature miRNAs can be regulated. Here we report that expression of versican 3'UTR induces organ adhesion in transgenic mice by modulating miR-199a* activities. The study was initiated by the hypothesis that the non-coding 3'UTR plays a role in the regulation of miRNA function. Transgenic mice expressing a construct harboring the 3'UTR of versican exhibits the adhesion of organs. Computational analysis indicated that a large number of microRNAs could bind to this fragment potentially including miR-199a*. Expression of versican and fibronectin, two targets of miR-199a*, are up-regulated in transgenic mice, suggesting that the 3'UTR binds and modulates miR-199a* activities, freeing mRNAs of versican and fibronectin from being repressed by miR-199a*. Confirmation of the binding was performed by PCR using mature miR-199a* as a primer and the targeting was performed by luciferase assays. Enhanced adhesion by expression of the 3'UTR was confirmed by in vitro assays. Our results demonstrated that upon arrival in cytoplasm, miRNA activities can be modulated locally by the 3'UTR. Our assay may be developed as sophisticated approaches for studying the mutual regulation of miRNAs and mRNAs in vitro and in vivo. We anticipate that expression of the 3'UTR may be an approach in the development of gene therapy.
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Project description:The functional consequences of cancer patient-derived genetic variants within the 5’ untranslated regions (UTRs) on a genome-wide scale and their effects on mRNA transcript and translation levels are poorly understood. To systematically interrogate the mutational landscape of 5’ UTRs across cancer patients with localized to metastatic disease, we analyzed the genomes of 226 prostate cancer patients and observed thousands of mutations, many of which impact known cis-regulatory elements. We developed a high-throughput multi-layer massively parallel sequencing-based method called PLUMAGE (Pooled full-length UTR Multiplex Assay on Gene Expression) to simultaneously quantify the effects of 545 5’ UTR somatic mutations across recurrently mutated or cancer-related genes from our patient cohort. Our method enabled unprecedented insights into how 5’ UTR mutations can control multiple levels of gene expression simultaneously. In particular, we identified 190 mutations that significantly altered 5’ UTR function, either by creating new DNA binding elements, disrupting known translation regulatory motifs, or simultaneously impacting both transcript levels and mRNA translation. Furthermore, we also determined that 5’ UTR mutations to the MAP kinase signaling pathway are significantly associated with early metastasis. This study is the first to comprehensively interrogate the functional 5’ UTR mutational landscape of a human cancer revealing the importance of untranslated regions in regulating multiple levels of oncogenic gene expression and provides a high-throughput functional genomics solution applicable to many genetically driven diseases.
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Project description:Processing of 3’ untranslated region (3’-UTR) of precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNA) is a fundamental step in mRNA maturation, where the mRNA transcript is cleaved at a specific site, located downstream the open reading frame of the encoded gene. The position of the cleavage site is determined by cis-acting RNA sequence elements, which are recognized with high specificity by large 3’ end processing multiprotein complexes. Two main categories of metazoan 3’ pre-mRNA processing have been identified so far, describing elaboration of either canonical mRNAs – occurring during all phases of the cell cycle and containing a characteristic Poly-Adenylation Signal (PAS) element – or histone mRNAs – prevalently occurring during the S phase and containing a Histone Downstream Element (HDE). In this work, we isolate both human endogenous canonical and histone 3’ pre-mRNA processing complexes from human nuclear extracts by using a pre-mRNA containing the 3’UTR sequence of replication-dependent histone H2A.2. This H2A.2 pre-mRNA (H2A_4m), containing both an HDE sequence and a PAS element in a native overlaid position, was modified with a 5’ photocleavable biotin tag, and with modification of few bases to allow complex assembly and purification by affinity chromatography on streptavidin-agarose beads, elution by UV irradiation and subsequent mass spectrometric identification of bound 3’ mRNA processing factors.
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