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Transcriptome analysis of lemon leaves (Citrus limon) infected by Plenodomus tracheiphilus reveals the effectiveness of Pseudomonas mediterranea in priming the plant response to mal secco disease

ABSTRACT: The use of Biological Control Agents (BCAs) to cope diseases has received considerable attention owing to its high efficiency and environmental safety. The aim of our study was to investigate the potential role of the Pseudomonas mediterranea pre-treatments in the response of lemon [Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.] against mal secco, this being a devastating citrus disease caused by the fungus Plenodomus tracheiphilus. RNAseq analysis revealed that the fungus induced a marked reprogramming of the transcriptome, but P. Mediterranea pre-treatments strongly reduced lemon leaf transcriptome modifications and limited the amount of the fungus DNA inside the plant tissue. Furthermore, P. mediterranea prevented the down regulation of the genes involved in the effector triggered immunity (ETI) and the deregulation of genes involved in the main phytohormone’s biosynthesis and perception. As far as we know, this work represents the first report on the analysis of P. tracheiphilus-lemon plant-BCA interaction at molecular level.

ORGANISM(S): Citrus x limon

PROVIDER: GSE227934 | GEO | 2023/09/30

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Citrus and most other fruit crops are commercially propagated via grafting, which ensures trees have consistent fruit traits combined with favorable traits from the rootstock such as soil adaptability, vigor, and resistance to soil pathogens. Breeding new rootstocks requires careful agronomic evaluations, and widespread use of new rootstocks and scions requires graft compatibility with commercially important scions and rootstocks. Graft incompatibility can occur when the scion and rootstock are not able to form a permanent, healthy union. Understanding and preventing graft incompatibility is therefore of paramount importance in the breeding of new fruit cultivars and in the choice of scion and rootstock by growers. The rootstock US-1283 is a citrandarin generated from a cross of ‘Ninkat’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata) and ‘Gotha Road’ #6 trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata). It was released in 2014 after years of field evaluation because of its superior productivity and good fruit quality on ‘Hamlin’ sweet orange (C. sinensis) under Florida’s growing conditions. Subsequently, it was observed that trees of ‘Bearss’ lemon (C. limon) and ‘Valencia’ sweet orange (C. sinensis) grafted onto US-1283 exhibited apparent incompatible and unhealthy growth near the graft union. The incompatibility manifested as stem grooving and necrosis underneath the bark on the rootstock side of the graft. A genetically similar citrandarin rootstock, US-812 (C. reticulata ‘Sunki’ × P. trifoliata ‘Benecke’), is fully graft compatible with the same scions. Transcriptome analysis was performed on the vascular tissues above and below the graft union of compatible US-812 and incompatible US-1283 graft combinations with ‘Bearss’ and ‘Valencia’ to identify expression networks associated with incompatibility and help understand the processes and potential causes of incompatibility in citrus. Transcriptional reprogramming was stronger in the incompatible rootstock than in the grafted scions. Functional analysis of the transcriptional events below the graft unions of US-1283 incompatible combinations revealed differentially expression genes (DEGs) associated with oxidative stress and plant defense, among other pathways, similar to a pathogen-induced immune response localized to the rootstock, although no known pathogens were detected in the assayed plants. These changes were not observed above the graft unions.Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in US-1283, but not the scions, were associated with oxidative stress and plant defense, among others, similar to a pathogen-induced immune response localized to the rootstock. No pathogen infection was detected. It is hypothesized this response could have been triggered by signaling miscommunications between rootstock and scion either through 1) unknown molecules from the scion that were perceived as danger signals by the rootstock, 2) missing signals from the scion or missing receptors in the rootstock necessary for the formation of a healthy graft union, 3) the overall perception of the scion by the rootstock as non-self, or 4) a combination of the above.

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Transcriptome analysis of lemon leaves (Citrus limon) infected by Plenodomus tracheiphilus reveals the effectiveness of Pseudomonas mediterranea in priming the plant response to mal secco disease

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