Type 1 immunity enables neonatal thymic ILC1 production
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE229632 | GEO | 2024/03/04
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Type 1 immunity enables neonatal thymic ILC1 production
| PRJNA955197 | ENA
Project description:In this report, we show that VEGF-blockade in neonates induces rapid changes in all three stromal compartments of the thymus, and that these changes recapitulate the maturation of these cell types seen during the transition from the neonatal to the young adult thymus. These changes in the microenvironment occur prior to the loss of thymocytes, and include not only a loss of cTECs relative to mTECs but also depletion of CD146+CD140aneg cells, a novel population of pericytes we have identified in the neonatal thymus. Importantly, we show that based on receptor expression and receptor blockade, VEGF drives the fetal/neonatal phenotype of the thymus through distinct VEGFR2- and NRP1-dependent pathways in thymic endothelial and mesenchymal cells respectively. In addition, receptor signaling induces changes in critical pathways affecting the function of all three compartments, with consequences on thymopoieisis.
2020-08-31 | GSE126681 | GEO
Project description:Herpesviruses, including the roseoloviruses, have been linked to autoimmune disease. The ubiquitous and chronic nature of these infections as well as the temporal dissociation between acute infection and autoimmune disease onset have made establishing a causal association challenging. We have shown that murine roseolovirus (MRV), which is highly related to human roseoloviruses, induces thymic atrophy and disruption of central tolerance after neonatal infection. Moreover, neonatal MRV infection results in development of autoimmunity in adult mice, long after resolution of acute infection. This suggests that MRV induces durable immune dysregulation. In these studies, we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) to study the tropism of MRV in the thymus and determine cellular processes in the thymus that were disrupted by neonatal MRV infection. We then utilized tropism data to establish a cell culture system. Herein, we describe how MRV alters the thymic transcriptome during acute neonatal infection.We found that MRV infection results in major shifts in inflammatory, differentiation and cell cycle pathways in the infected thymus. We also observed shifts in the relative number of specific cell populations. Moreover, utilizing expression of late viral transcripts as a proxy of viral replication we identified the cellular tropism of MRV in the thymus. This approach demonstrated that double negative, double positive, and CD4 single positive thymocytes, as well as medullary thymic epithelial cells were infected by MRV in vivo. Finally, by applying pseudotime analysis to viral transcripts, which we refer to as "pseudokinetics," we identified viral gene transcription patterns associated with specific cell types and infection status. We applied this information to establish the first cell culture systems susceptible to MRV infection in vitro. Our research provides the first complete picture of MRV tropism in the thymus after neonatal infection. Additionally, we identified major transcriptomic alterations in cell populations in the thymus during acute neonatal MRV infection. These studies offer important insight into the early events that occur after neonatal MRV infection that disrupt central tolerance and promote autoimmune disease
2024-05-17 | GSE255738 | GEO
Project description:The goal of the study was to sequence mRNA from tuft cells (identified as CD45-;EpCAM+;IL-25+ using Flare25 reporter mice) in the epithelia of thymus and small intestine. As a control, non-tuft epithelial cells (CD45-;EpCAM+;IL-25-) were also isolated. The data were used to compare tuft cell markers between the small intestine and thymus.
2018-05-19 | GSE114668 | GEO
Project description:Inhibitory proteins, such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), have been extensively studied in peripheral T cell responses to foreign, self, and neoantigens. Notably, these proteins are first expressed during T cell development in the thymus. Reports suggest that PD-1 limits regulatory T cell (Treg) development, but the mechanism by which PD-1 exerts this function remains unknown. The present study expands the evaluation of PD-1 and its ligands in the thymus, demonstrating that some of the highest expressers of PD-1 and PD-L1 are agonist selected cells. Surprisingly, we reveal a selective role for PD-1 in regulating the developmental niche only for Tregs as other agonist selected cell populations, such as natural killer T cells, remain unchanged. We also ruled out PD-1 as a regulator of proliferation or cell death of agonist selected Tregs and further demonstrated that PD-1 deficient Tregs have reduced TCR signaling. Unexpectedly, the data suggests that PD-1 deficient thymocytes produce elevated levels of IL-2, a Treg niche limiting cytokine. Collectively, these data suggest a novel role for PD-1 in regulating IL-2 production and the concurrent agonist selection of thymic Tregs. This observation has implications for the use of checkpoint blockade in the context of cancer and infection.
2024-02-19 | GSE255727 | GEO
Project description:Human newborns exhibit increased vulnerability and risk of mortality from infection. Increased susceptibility to infection during the neonatal period reflects key differences in the innate and adaptive immune responses relative to those in adult cells. We have previously shown an increase in the pleiotropic immune suppressive cytokine, IL-27, in macrophages derived from human umbilical cord blood compared with those obtained from adult peripheral blood. Similar findings exist in the neonatal murine system, as well as elevated splenic transcripts and serum levels. Recently, we established a murine model of neonatal sepsis to explore the impact of early life IL-27 levels on the host response to infection. In this model, neonatal mice deficient in IL-27 signaling exhibit reduced mortality, increased weight gain, and better control of the bacterial burden with reduced systemic inflammation. These results suggest that there is a reprogramming of the host response in the presence of IL-27 signaling. To explore this hypothesis, we profiled the neonatal transcriptome of the spleen in the presence or absence of Escherichia coli-induced sepsis in wild-type (WT) and IL-27Rα-deficient mice. The spleen, a known site of infection, exhibits increased IL-27 expression and bacterial burdens in WT pups that were significantly lower in IL-27Rα KO pups during infection. We identified 549 genes that were differentially expressed in WT neonates in response to E. coli infection. The upregulated genes were associated with inflammation, cytokine signaling, and G protein coupled receptor ligand binding and signaling. The expression level of these genes generally failed to increase in IL-27Rα KO mice upon the E. coli infection. We observed similar changes in gene expression, aligned with changes in chromatin accessibility, for macrophages isolated from the spleens of control and infected neonates with or without IL-27Rα KO, supporting macrophages as an innate myeloid population contributing to the inflammatory profile in septic WT pups. Collectively, our findings highlight a less inflammatory environment in KO pups that is not expected given the anti-inflammatory/suppressive activity of IL-27. However, it is consistent with a lower bacterial burden. This suggests that improved bacterial clearance in the absence of IL-27 signaling does not require a heightened inflammatory state, and instead, there is a direct relationship between IL-27 signaling and bacterial killing. An improved response to infection that is not reliant upon heightened levels of inflammation offers new promise to the potential of antagonizing IL-27 as a host-directed therapy for neonates without concern for driving inflammatory responses that are pathological to host tissues.
2023-02-07 | GSE220049 | GEO
Project description:Human newborns exhibit increased vulnerability and risk of mortality from infection. Increased susceptibility to infection during the neonatal period reflects key differences in the innate and adaptive immune responses relative to those in adult cells. We have previously shown an increase in the pleiotropic immune suppressive cytokine, IL-27, in macrophages derived from human umbilical cord blood compared with those obtained from adult peripheral blood. Similar findings exist in the neonatal murine system, as well as elevated splenic transcripts and serum levels. Recently, we established a murine model of neonatal sepsis to explore the impact of early life IL-27 levels on the host response to infection. In this model, neonatal mice deficient in IL-27 signaling exhibit reduced mortality, increased weight gain, and better control of the bacterial burden with reduced systemic inflammation. These results suggest that there is a reprogramming of the host response in the presence of IL-27 signaling. To explore this hypothesis, we profiled the neonatal transcriptome of the spleen in the presence or absence of Escherichia coli-induced sepsis in wild-type (WT) and IL-27Rα-deficient mice. The spleen, a known site of infection, exhibits increased IL-27 expression and bacterial burdens in WT pups that were significantly lower in IL-27Rα KO pups during infection. We identified 549 genes that were differentially expressed in WT neonates in response to E. coli infection. The upregulated genes were associated with inflammation, cytokine signaling, and G protein coupled receptor ligand binding and signaling. The expression level of these genes generally failed to increase in IL-27Rα KO mice upon the E. coli infection. We observed similar changes in gene expression, aligned with changes in chromatin accessibility, for macrophages isolated from the spleens of control and infected neonates with or without IL-27Rα KO, supporting macrophages as an innate myeloid population contributing to the inflammatory profile in septic WT pups. Collectively, our findings highlight a less inflammatory environment in KO pups that is not expected given the anti-inflammatory/suppressive activity of IL-27. However, it is consistent with a lower bacterial burden. This suggests that improved bacterial clearance in the absence of IL-27 signaling does not require a heightened inflammatory state, and instead, there is a direct relationship between IL-27 signaling and bacterial killing. An improved response to infection that is not reliant upon heightened levels of inflammation offers new promise to the potential of antagonizing IL-27 as a host-directed therapy for neonates without concern for driving inflammatory responses that are pathological to host tissues.
2023-02-07 | GSE220048 | GEO
Project description:Cy3-labeled cDNA obtained from four pools of three hearts of neonatal C57BL Cx43 null mice were compared to Cy3-labeled cDNA obtained from four pools of three hearts of neonatal C57BL wildtype mice through Cy5-labeled sample reference prepared at once for the entire experiment from aorta, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, ovary/testicles, spleen, and stomach - equal amounts from adult male and female C57BL mice. Keywords = Cx32 null vs wildtype neonatal mouse heart
2010-06-05 | E-GEOD-1961 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:STAT5 transcription factor activation downstream of the Interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) induces expression of Foxp3, a critical step in the differentiation of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Due to the pleiotropic outputs of IL-2R signaling, it is unclear whether STAT5 acts directly on the Foxp3 locus to promote its expression . Here, we report that IL-2 – STAT5 signaling converged on an enhancer (CNS4) during Foxp3 induction. CNS4 facilitated and sustained the IL-2 dependent CD25+Foxp3– precursor to Treg cell transition in the thymus. Its deficiency resulted in markedly impaired Treg cell generation in neonates, which was partially mitigated with age. While the thymic Treg cell paucity caused by CNS4 deficiency did not result in autoimmunity on its own, it exacerbated autoimmune manifestations caused by disruption of the Aire gene. Thus, CNS4 enhancer activity ensures robust Treg cell differentiation early in postnatal life and cooperatively with other tolerance mechanisms, minimizes autoimmunity.
2021-03-16 | GSE168942 | GEO
Project description:The intestine harbors more immune cells then the rest of the body together in order to maintain a state of tolerance towards the microbiota as well as food antigen on one side and recognition and immune response to invading pathogens on the other side. At birth the intestine transitions from a sterile organ to a highly exposed environment. At the same time the murine adaptive immune system starts to form and newly generated T and B cells home to the intestine. The present study aims to understand the function of CD4 T cells in the neonatal small intestine (SI). For that the transcriptional profiles of CD4 T cells isolated from the SI of 6- and 11-days-old neonates were compared to their counterparts in mLN and thymus as well as to adult CD4 T cells from the lamina propria (LP) and Peyers patches (PP). 4 true biological replicates in single color mode were analyzed in each group.
2015-05-22 | E-GEOD-60515 | biostudies-arrayexpress