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Large-scale map of RNA binding protein interactomes across the mRNA life-cycle

ABSTRACT: RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) target RNA in a context-dependent manner to regulate gene expression. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) maps of RBP complexes and networks are critical for defining RBP function and RNA targeting. Yet, PPI networks under-represent RBP baits and need more information about RNA-driven interactions. Therefore, we generated an RNA-aware, RBP-interactome map combining two strategies that use systematic proteomic methods to identify 1) protein interactions using co-immunoprecipitation in the presence or absence of RNase treatment of a ~100 RBPs across the RNA life-cycle and 2) RNA-dependent complexes using Size Exclusion Chromatography. Together, this dataset provides proteome-wide, cell-type specific, and quantitative identification of RNA-protein interactions across multiple RNA processing events. In the resulting PPI network, several hundred database-supported interactions establish many complexes operating at each of these mRNA life-cycle stages. Nearly a thousand novel interactions imply new functions for RBPs across multiple steps of the RNA life cycle. Overlapping our network with eCLIP data, we find RNA targets between interactors and uncover complex-driven binding signatures. Betweenness-centrality scores identify multi-functional RBPs that participate across multiple mRNA life-cycle steps. We characterize the novel interactions and functions of different classes of multi-functional proteins. We find the scaffolding protein, ERH, interacts with numerous nuclear speckle proteins and facilitates splicing and mRNA export. Finally, we show that the splicing factor, SNRNP200, interacts with nuclear export, localization, and translation proteins and is an essential factor of RNA granule formation during stress. Our large-scale RBP interaction network provides new insights and a valuable resource for exploring new RBP complexes operating to control gene expression.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE230717 | GEO | 2023/08/14

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are intimately involved in all aspects of RNA processing and regulation and are linked to neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Therefore, understanding the relationship between RBPs and their RNA targets is critical for a broader understanding of post-transcriptional regulation in normal and disease processes. The majority of approaches to study RNA-protein interactions focus on single RBPs, however there are many hundreds RBPs encoded in the human genome, and each cell type expresses a different catalog of these regulatory molecules, greatly limiting the ability of these single RBP approaches to capture the global landscape of RNA-protein interactions. We and others have developed approaches to globally catalog regions of mRNAs that are bound by proteins in an unbiased manner. Here we describe a detailed protocol for performing our RNase-mediated protein footprint sequencing approach, termed protein interaction profile sequencing (PIP-seq). In this protocol, RNA-protein interactions are stabilized by cross-linking, and un-bound regions are digested with RNases, leaving only the protein-bound regions intact. To control for RNase insensitive regions, proteins are first denatured and then RNP complexes are subject to RNase treatment. After high-throughput sequencing of remaining fragments, peak calling is performed to identify protein protected sites (PPSs). We describe the application of this protocol to a human embryonic kidney cell line and perform basic quality control, reproducibility and benchmarking analyses. Finally, we describe the landscape of protein-interactions in HEK293T cells, underscoring the value of this approach. Future applications of this method to study the dynamics of RNA-protein interactions in developmental processes will help to uncover the role of RBPs in post-transcriptional regulation. Protein interaction profile sequencing (PIP-seq) in HEK293T cells. Three replicates of formaldehyde cross-linked PIP-seq are described

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Large-scale map of RNA binding protein interactomes across the mRNA life-cycle

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