Gene expression profiling of rat postnatal 4 cortex following gestational exposure to 4-Methylimidazole (4-MeI) and maternal seizures.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT: Compromised maternal health and specifically, the occurrence of maternal seizures can have adverse effects on the healthy development of offspring possibly via hypoxia-ischemia, disrupted programmed cell death, or GABA signaling. The current study examined cortical tissue from F2b postnatal day 4 offspring of female Harlan SD rats following a two-generation reproductive and continuous breeding (RACB) study design with daily oral exposure to the seizure genic compound 4-Methylimidazole (0, 750, or 2500 ppm 4-MeI). mRNA levels were determined by qRT-PCR for GABA related genes and by whole genome microarray for differential gene expression (DGE) profiles. While maternal seizures occurred at 2500 ppm, there was no indication of disrupted GABA or glutamatergic signaling. At 750 ppm, DGE suggested adaptation or developmental delay. At 2500 ppm, DGE suggested an impact on critically timed structural events such as synaptogenesis and membrane stability/signaling. Pathways related to growth process and cell signaling showed a negative activation supporting an interpretation of disruption or delay in developmental processes. Further examination across multiple post-partum and preweaning ages for an evaluation of the temporal sequence of development will provide better foundation for biological interpretation.
Project description:The ketogenic diet (KD) has been used as an effective therapy to treat epilepsy. Previous studies indicate an elevated level of GABA in the brain by KD treatment. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here we report that KD treatment suppresses seizures in both acute and chronic seizure models and enhances presynaptic GABA release probability in the hippocampus. By screening molecular targets that potentially linked to GABAergic activity with transcriptome analysis, we identify that KD treatment dramatically increased the Nrg1 gene expression in the hippocampus. Disruption of Nrg1 signaling by genetically deleting its receptor-ErbB4 or blocking ErbB4 kinase activity abolishes KD’s effects on GABAergic activity and seizures. Mechanistically, KD treatment increases Nrg1 expression via up-regulating histone acetylation. Our findings suggest a critical role of Nrg1/ErbB4 signaling in mediating KD’s effects on GABAergic activity and seizures, which sheds light on the development of new therapeutic interventions to seizure control.
Project description:Succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder effecting approximately 350 people around the world. Patients suffering from SSADH deficiency experience language acquisition failure, memory deficiencies, autism, increased aggressive behaviors, and seizures. There is a chemical buildup of both gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) in the neurological system of these patients. The Aldh5a1-/- knock out mouse model of SSADH deficiency shows the same chemical imbalances as the human disease, with additional fatal tonic-clonic seizures at three weeks of age. The elucidation of seizure causing pathways will facilitate treatment of seizure phenotypes in diseases with related epilepsy. ,Gene expression patterns within the hippocampus, cerebellum, and cortex of SSADH deficient mice (Aldh5a1-/- mice) will be compared to wild type mice at a time point immediately prior to fatal seizures. ,We hypothesis that the SSADH deficient mice experience a dysfunction of glutamate/GABA/ glutamine neurotransmitter cycle linked to astroglial metabolism and/or uptake of neuronally-released glutamate. The increased levels of GHB and GABA lead to down regulation of GABA-B-Receptor leading to seizures. The SSADH deficient phenotype may also be caused by ongoing oxidative damage and the pathological role of succinic semialdehyde.,SSADH deficient mice (Aldh5a1-/- knock out) exhibit fatal seizures around three weeks of age. Mutant and wild type mice will be sacrificed between 17 and 19 days of life, and brain sections will be extracted and frozen (using a standard protocol). Hippocampus, cerebellum, and cortex from three mutant mice and three wild type mice will individually be expression profiled on the Affymetrix platform, giving a total of eighteen arrays. Comparative analysis will then be carried out, evaluating the transcript differences between mutant and wild type mice in each brain region.
Project description:Succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder effecting approximately 350 people around the world. Patients suffering from SSADH deficiency experience language acquisition failure, memory deficiencies, autism, increased aggressive behaviors, and seizures. There is a chemical buildup of both gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) in the neurological system of these patients. The Aldh5a1-/- knock out mouse model of SSADH deficiency shows the same chemical imbalances as the human disease, with additional fatal tonic-clonic seizures at three weeks of age. The elucidation of seizure causing pathways will facilitate treatment of seizure phenotypes in diseases with related epilepsy. Gene expression patterns within the hippocampus, cerebellum, and cortex of SSADH deficient mice (Aldh5a1-/- mice) will be compared to wild type mice at a time point immediately prior to fatal seizures. We hypothesis that the SSADH deficient mice experience a dysfunction of glutamate/GABA/ glutamine neurotransmitter cycle linked to astroglial metabolism and/or uptake of neuronally-released glutamate. The increased levels of GHB and GABA lead to down regulation of GABA-B-Receptor leading to seizures. The SSADH deficient phenotype may also be caused by ongoing oxidative damage and the pathological role of succinic semialdehyde. SSADH deficient mice (Aldh5a1-/- knock out) exhibit fatal seizures around three weeks of age. Mutant and wild type mice will be sacrificed between 17 and 19 days of life, and brain sections will be extracted and frozen (using a standard protocol). Hippocampus, cerebellum, and cortex from three mutant mice and three wild type mice will individually be expression profiled on the Affymetrix platform, giving a total of eighteen arrays. Comparative analysis will then be carried out, evaluating the transcript differences between mutant and wild type mice in each brain region. Keywords: other
Project description:In present study, digital gene expression (DGE) profiling was performed to obtain a general picture of the transcriptomic implicated in the early development of R. venosa. Eighteen DGE libraries at six developmental stages of R. venosa were constructed, sequenced by IIIumina HiSeq 2500 platform.
Project description:In present study, digital gene expression (DGE) profiling was performed to obtain a general picture of the transcriptomic implicated in the early development of R. venosa. Eighteen DGE libraries at six developmental stages of R. venosa were constructed, sequenced by IIIumina HiSeq 2500 platform. RNA from six developmental stages of R. venosa was sequenced using Illumina Hi-seq 2500. Each stage have three replicates
Project description:Female Crlj:CD1(ICR) mice were fed diets containing 0 (control), 5000 and 10000 ppm permethrin and 2500 ppm isoniazid (positive control for tumor induction) for periods of 7 and 14 days. We used microarrays to evaluate gene expression profiling in mouse lung at the early phase of treatment with permethrin and isoniazid.
Project description:Benzodiazepine (BZ) drugs treat seizures, anxiety, insomnia, and alcohol withdrawal by potentiating γ2 subunit containing GABA type A receptors (GABAARs). BZ clinical use is hampered by tolerance and withdrawal symptoms, which include heightened seizure susceptibility, panic, and sleep disturbances. Here, we undergo a comprehensive investigation of inhibitory GABAergic and excitatory glutamatergic plasticity in mice tolerant to benzodiazepine sedation. Using quantitative proteomics approaches, we reveal cortex neuroadaptations of key pro-excitatory mediators and synaptic plasticity pathways, highlighted by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMKII), MAPK, and PKC signaling.
Project description:Transcriptional reprogramming and stimulation of leaf respiration by elevated CO2 concentration is diminished, but not eliminated, under limiting nitrogen supply. Arabidopsis plants were grown in either ambient (370 ppm) or elevated (750 ppm) CO2 with either ample N supply or limiting N supply. Leaf tissue was harvested from youngest most fully expanded leaves 35 days after plant germination at either midday or midnight.
Project description:The piriform cortex (PC) plays a critical role in epileptogenesis, where an excitation/inhibition imbalance contributes to epilepsy etiology. However, the epileptic dynamics of the GABA system and the precise role of GABAergic neurons within the PC in epilepsy remain unclear. Here, we combined Ca2+ and GABA sensors to investigate the dynamics of Gad2-expressing neurons and GABA levels, and selectively manipulated GABAergic neurons in the PC through chemogenetic inhibition and caspase3-mediated apoptosis targeting Gad2 interneurons. The chronic deficiency of PC Gad2 neurons triggered spontaneous recurrent seizures. These findings uncover the dynamic interplay within PC inhibitory components and elaborate counteractive mechanisms in seizure regulation.
Project description:We used the Illumina RNAseq approach to study the effects of acute exposure to elevated CO2 on gene expression in primary polyps of Acropora millepora Examination of transcriptome in Acropora millepora primary polyps at 380, 750 and 1000 ppm CO2 after 3 days exposure