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Effect of Parenteral Trace Element Supplementation on RNA-sequencing Profile of Peripheral Blood in Peripartum Dairy Cows

ABSTRACT: The transition period is the most critical stage in the lactation cycle of dairy cattle. During this period, cows are subjected to high levels of oxidative stress. One way of managing this stress is through mineral supplementation with antioxidant micronutrients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the gene expression of transition dairy cows supplemented with the antioxidant trace elements copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) and selenium (Se). The study was carried out in a commercial Holstein dairy farm located in General Belgrano, province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Cows (n=200) were randomly assigned to either a supplemented or a control group. Blood samples were obtained seven days after calving and used to determine superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity, antioxidant capacity and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Additionally, RNA-sequencing analysis was performed. The oxidative stress index differed significantly between groups, despite only two differentially expressed genes which codify for second messengers (adjusted p value < 0.05). This would suggest that trace mineral supplementation of transition dairy cows would not induce changes in gene expression profiles in pathways associated with oxidative stress and immune function, since their expression is already high in response to the high oxidative stress levels and the dietary changes associated with this period. Nevertheless, considering the role of these minerals as cofactors, a higher availability in the supplemented group would increase antioxidant enzyme activity.

ORGANISM(S): Bos taurus

PROVIDER: GSE231491 | GEO | 2023/12/20

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Increased energy demands to support lactation, coupled with lowered feed intake capacity results in negative energy balance (NEB) and is typically characterized by extensive mobilization of body energy reserves in the early postpartum dairy cow. The catabolism of stored lipid leads to an increase in the systemic concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and -hydroxy butyrate (BHB). Oxidation of NEFA in the liver result in the increased production of reactive oxygen species and the onset of oxidative stress and can lead to disruption of normal metabolism and physiology. The immune system is depressed in the peripartum period and early lactation and dairy cows are therefore more vulnerable to bacterial infections causing mastitis and or endometritis at this time. A bovine Affymetrix oligonucleotide array was used to determine global gene expression in the spleen of dairy cows in the early postpartum period. Spleen tissue was removed post mortem from five severe NEB (SNEB) and five medium NEB (MNEB) cows 15 days postpartum.SNEB increased systemic concentrations of NEFA and BHB, and white blood cell and lymphocyte numbers were decreased in SNEB animals. A total of 545 genes were altered by SNEB. Network analysis using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that SNEB was associated with NRF2-mediated oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, natural killer cell signaling, p53 signaling, downregulation of IL-15, BCL-2, and IFN- ; upregulation of BAX and CHOP and increased apoptosis with a potential negative impact on innate and adaptive immunity. Multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows (n=24) were blocked 2 weeks prior to expected calving date according to parity, body condition score, and previous lactation yield (average lactation 6477M-BM-1354kg) and randomly allocated to mild (MNEB; n=12) or severe (SNEB; n=12) NEB groups. MNEB cows were fed ad lib grass silage and 8 kg day-1 concentrates and milked once daily; SNEB cows were fed 25 kg day-1 silage and 4kg day-1 concentrate and milked three times daily. Measurements of body condition score and EB were used to select cows which showed extremes in EB from each group (MNEB, n=5; SNEB, n=5). Cows were slaughtered on days 6-7 of the first follicular wave after calving (mean number of days post-partum: MNEB mean 13.6 M-BM-1 0.75, range 11M-bM-^@M-^S15; SNEB mean 14.3 M-BM-1 0.56, range 13M-bM-^@M-^S16), based on daily transrectal ultrasonography.At slaughter the entire spleen was removed and weighed, and samples weighing 1 g were dissected, rinsed in RNase-free phosphate buffer, snap frozen in liquid nitrogen, stored for 4 h in dry ice, and subsequently stored at 80M-BM-0C.

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Effect of Parenteral Trace Element Supplementation on RNA-sequencing Profile of Peripheral Blood in Peripartum Dairy Cows

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