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Transcriptome profiling of the liver and pectoralis major muscle in slow-growing chickens under an organic raising system

ABSTRACT: The strategy to improve the competitiveness of smallholder farmers and to serve highly nutritious meat for consumers is the major goal of Korat chicken (KRC) production in Thailand. Organic KRC meat contains high n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which have a wide range of health-related benefits. However, limited scientific investigations have been conducted on the modulations of PUFA and DHA in KRC. In this study, we compared two rearing systems, conventional (CO) and organic raising (OR) systems, and their effects on global gene expression related to the accumulation of n-3 PUFA and DHA in the liver and pectoralis major muscle were investigated by using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). Total RNA was isolated from the liver and pectoralis major muscle of male KRC in each treatment group (n = 5). RNA-seq revealed a total of 561 and 361 differentially expressed genes between CO and OR groups identified in the liver and pectoralis major muscle, respectively. ELOVL fatty acid elongase 2 (ELOVL2) may activate n-3 PUFAs synthesis via the fatty acid elongation pathway. The KRC seems suitable to raise under the organic raising system, since it improved lipid metabolism and immune response in the liver. However, thermal environmental management and growth performance need to be considered. ELOVL2 can use as a gene marker for n-3 PUFAs synthesis in the liver. This study provides a genetic basis for future breeding strategies to improve the genetics of slow-growing chickens to fit with an organic raising system.

ORGANISM(S): Gallus gallus

PROVIDER: GSE231912 | GEO | 2023/12/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) act as potent natural hypolipidemics and are linked to many health benefits in humans and in animal models. Mice fed long-term a high fat diet, in which medium-chain alpha linoleic acid (ALA) was partially replaced by long-chain docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) fatty acids, showed reduced accumulation of body fat and prevention of insulin resistance, besides increased mitochondrial beta-oxidation in white adipose tissue and decreased plasma lipids. ALA, EPA and DHA all belong to PUFA of n-3 series. The intestine is a gatekeeper organ for ingested lipids. To examine the potential contribution of the intestine in the beneficial effects of EPA and DHA, this study assessed gene expression changes using whole genome microarray analysis on small intestinal scrapings. The main biological process affected was lipid metabolism. Fatty acid uptake, peroxisomal and mitochondrial beta-oxidation, and omega-oxidation of fatty acids were all increased. Quantitative real time PCR and intestinal fatty acid oxidation measurements ([14C(U)]-palmitate) confirmed significant gene expression differences in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, no major changes in the expression of lipid metabolism genes were observed in colonic scrapings. In conclusion, we show that marine n-3 fatty acids regulate small intestinal gene expression patterns. Since this organ contributes significantly to whole organism energy use, this adaptation of the small intestine may contribute to the complex and observed beneficial physiological effects of these natural compounds under conditions that will normally lead to development of obesity and diabetes. Experiment Overall Design: Male 4-month-old C57BL/6J mice were maintained for 4 weeks on semisynthetic high-fat (20% wt/wt) diets differing in the composition of n-3 PUFA. Two isocaloric diets were used (n=12): control sHFf diet which contained flax-seed oil (rich in ALA) as the only lipid source, or the sHFf-F2 diet, which had the same composition except that 44 % of the lipids were replaced by a n-3 PUFA concentrate (EPA&DHA) containing 6 % EPA and 51 % DHA (EPAX 1050TG; EPAX AS, Lysaker, Norway). Quality control of RNA samples showed that four samples did not pass quality thresholds, and these samples were excluded from array analysis (two control small intestine samples and one EPA&DHA small intestine sample). The remaining RNA samples were pooled per tissue per diet group. Thus; the flax-seed (control) array was hybridized with RNA pooled from of 10 mice, the PUFA array was hybridized with RNA pooled from 11 mice.

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Transcriptome profiling of the liver and pectoralis major muscle in slow-growing chickens under an organic raising system

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