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Transcriptomic signatures of individual cell types in cerebral cavernous malformation

ABSTRACT: Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a hemorrhagic neurovascular disease with no currently available therapeutics. Prior evidence suggests that different cell types may play a role in CCM pathogenesis. The contribution of each cell type to the dysfunctional cellular crosstalk remains unclear. Herein, RNA-seq was performed on FACS sorted endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes, neuroglia and microglia from CCM lesions and non-lesional brain tissue controls. Differentially Expressed Gene (DEG), pathway and Ligand-Receptor (LR) analyses were performed to characterize the dysfunctional genes of respective cell types within CCMs. Common DEGs among all three cell types were related to inflammation and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). DEG and pathway analyses supported a role of lesional ECs in dysregulated angiogenesis and increased permeability. In addition, VEGFA was particularly upregulated in pericytes. Further pathway and LR analyses identified VEGFA/VEGFR2 signaling in lesional ECs and pericytes that would result in increased angiogenesis. Moreover, lesional pericytes and neuroglia predominantly showed DEGs and pathways mediating the immune response. Further analyses of cell specific gene alterations in CCM endorsed potential contribution to EndMT, coagulation, and a hypoxic microenvironment. Taken together, these findings motivate mechanistic hypotheses regarding non-endothelial contributions to lesion pathobiology and may lead to novel therapeutic targets.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE233210 | GEO | 2023/12/30

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Hypoxia shapes the tumor microenvironment and modulates distinct cell populations activity. Low pO2 activates pathological angiogenesis in cancer- process in which endothelial cells (ECs) are the most important players. The main goal of the study was to evidence the hypoxic tumor microenvironment influence on the global gene expression pattern characteristic for ECs and evidence the distinct and specific responses displayed by the tumor-derived ECs compared to the healthy endothelium during the endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and its regulation by miR-200-b-3p. Immortalized lines of ECs from the same patient with diagnosed breast cancer- healthy breast tissue (HBH.MEC) and primary tumor (HBCa.MEC) were used. The experiments were performed in normoxia and hypoxia for 48 hours. By wound healing test, we investigated the migration abilities of ECs. Using the established model, global gene expression analysis with NGS was carried out to detect new pathways altered in pathological ECs and to find the most changed miRNAs. The validation of NGS data from RNA and miRNA was estimated by qPCRs. Hypoxia influences ECs migration properties in wound healing assay. In hypoxia, healthy ECs migrate slower than in normoxia, as opposed to HBCa.MEC where no decreased migration ability was induced by hypoxia, due to EndMT features. NGS data identified this process to be altered in cancer ECs through extracellular matrix (ECM) organization. The deregulated genes, confirmed by qPCR, included: SPP1, ITGB6, COL4A4, ADAMST2, LAMA1, GAS6, AGTR2, PECAM1, ELN, FBLN2, COL6A3, COL9A3. NGS also identified collagens, laminin, fibronectin and integrin, as being deregulated in tumor-derived ECs. Moreover, the analysis of ten most intensively modified miRNAs when breast tumor-derived ECs were compared to healthy ECs, put a light on miR-200b-3p which is strongly up-regulated in HBCa.MECs as compared to HBH.MECs. Microenvironment influences on ECs dedifferentiation by miR-200-b-3p and ECM. The pathological ECs differed significantly, both phenotypically and functionally, from the normal corresponding tissue, thus influencing their microenvironment cross- talk. The gene expression profile confirms the EndMT phenotype of tumor-derived ECs and migratory properties acquisition. Moreover, it indicates the role of miR-200b-3p, regulating EndMT in pathological ECs, silencing several angiogenic growth factors and their receptors by directly targeting their mRNA transcripts.

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Transcriptomic signatures of individual cell types in cerebral cavernous malformation

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