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Effect of the res-2 transcription factor gene deletion on protein secretion and stress response in the hyperproducer strain Trichoderma reesei Rut-C30

ABSTRACT: The fungus Trichoderma reesei is one of the most used industrial cellulase producers due to its high capacity of protein secretion. The strain was shown to possess an expanded endoplasmic reticulum, but the genetic factors responsible for this phenotype remain still unidentified. Recently, three new transcription factors were described in Neurospora crassa which were demonstrated to be involved in protein secretion. The orthologous gene of one of them, Res-2, was deleted in the T. reesei hyperproducer strain Rut-C30 and its role on protein secretion analyzed. The mutant strain showed slower growth on all substrates tested, but the presence of the stress agent DTT had contrasting effects. Protein secretion tended to be lower in the deletion strain compared to the parental strain Rut-C30. Analysis of the transcriptomes of the Rut-C30 and the Δres-2 mutant strain in secretion stress conditions reveiled remarkably few differences, but induction of cellulase secretion and/or presence of DTT led to differential expression of genes coding for transporters, redox genes and lipid metabolism. These results suggest that in the T. reesei Rut-C30 strain, Res-2 does not act as a master regulator of the secretion pathway, but contributes to a high protein secretion by adjusting the expression of genes involved in membrane turnover and the redox status of the organism or specific organelles.

ORGANISM(S): Trichoderma reesei RUT C-30

PROVIDER: GSE233738 | GEO | 2023/11/14

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Trichoderma reesei is known for its ability to produce large amounts of extracellular proteins and is one of the most important industrially used filamentous fungus. Xylanase regulator 1 (XYR1) as the master regulator is responsible for the activation of cellulase and hemicellulase gene expression, normally under inducing conditions. It has been reported that strains with point mutations in certain areas of xyr1 bypass the carbon catabolite repression, allowing cellulase and hemicellulase production even in the presence of glucose. These mutations also change the profile of produced proteins, shifting it more towards xylanase production, and increase the overall protein production in inducing conditions. However, how these mutations alter the metabolism and other cellular processes to cause these changes remains unclear. In the present study, our aim was to explore changes caused by a point mutation in xyr1 on transcriptomic and metabolic level to better understand the reasons behind the increased protein production in both repressing glucose and inducing lactose conditions. We observed that the xyr1 mutant strain built more biomass and produced more extracellular proteins during growth on lactose compared to the wild type xyr1 strain. Genes involved in oxidoreductive D-galactose catabolism pathway were upregulated in the xyr1 mutant strain, potentially contributing to the more efficient utilization of lactose. The shift from utilizing lactose to using glucose as carbon source seemed faster in the xyr1 mutant strain. Clustering and enrichment analysis showed over-representation of mitochondria-related Gene Ontology terms in clusters where gene expression was higher in the xyr1 mutant, indicating that mitochondria play a role in the altered metabolic state associated with the xyr1 mutation. Metabolomics revealed that free tyrosine was more abundant in the xyr1 mutant strain in all measured timepoints, whereas multiple fatty acids were less abundant in the mutant strain on glucose. The results contribute to more in-depth knowledge on T. reesei physiology and aid in finding new targets for improved protein production.

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Effect of the res-2 transcription factor gene deletion on protein secretion and stress response in the hyperproducer strain Trichoderma reesei Rut-C30

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