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O-GlcNAcylation promotes Palbociclib resistance in breast cancer by regulating MITF nuclear translocation [RNA-seq]

ABSTRACT: Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) are essential drivers of the cell cycle and are also critical for the initiation and progression of diverse malignancies. Pharmacological inhibitors targeting CDK4/6 have demonstrated significant activity against various tumor types such as breast cancer. However, resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) (such as palbociclib) remains an immense obstacle in clinical and the underlying mechanisms have not been fully understood. Using quantitative high-throughput combinational screen (qHTCS) and genomic sequencing, we report that the Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), was significantly elevated in palbociclib-resistance cells. Inhibition of MITF can enhance the therapeutic efficacy of Palbociclib and surmount Palbociclib resistance both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) modifies MITF with O-GlcNAcylation at Serine 49 (Ser49) within its nuclear localization signal (NLS), thereby promoting MITF binding to importin α/ β and facilitating its nuclear transportation, which is crucial in regulating senescence. Significantly, clinical studies also confirm that MITF was elevated in palbociclib-resistance patients. Collectively, these results reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism by which MITF-mediated palbociclib resistance, and provide valuable insights for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies in future clinical contexts.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE234514 | GEO | 2023/10/10

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Immune checkpoint blockade has shown tremendous anti-tumor potential in the clinic. However, these therapies are only effective in a subset of patients, so identification of additional immunomodulatory molecules that enhance the anti-tumor activity of these treatments may expand their clinical utility. In particular, identifying small molecules that complement existing immunotherapies has been relatively unexplored, so we performed a small molecule screen to identify compounds that can enhance co-inhibitory molecule blockade, to improve the anti-tumor adaptive immune response. Our unbiased screen identified inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6), including the FDA-approved palbociclib, as a class of small molecule compounds that exhibited significant immunostimulatory activity in vitro. In accordance with our in vitro finding of enhanced NFAT signaling, single-cell RNA-sequencing confirmed that in vivo exposure to CDK4/6 inhibitors enhanced NFAT signaling in tumor infiltrating T cells. Moreover, our results revealed that CDK4/6 inhibition up-regulated activation molecules and down-regulated suppressive molecules in these cells. CDK4/6 inhibition also increased the number of T cells with activated TCR (T cell receptor) signaling, as well as factors that are important for signal transduction downstream of TCR signaling. In summary, the impact of CDK4/6i on cell cycle progression and T cell proliferation are balanced favorably towards increased T cell recruitment and enhanced effector cell function, mediated in part by activation of the NFAT family of transcription factors. Further, our results demonstrate that CDK4/6i enhances PD-1 blockade through increased T-cell effector function and inhibition of immune suppressive cytokine production. While prolonged CDK4/6i treatment could be immunosuppressive due to adverse effects on lymphocyte proliferation, properly timed/sequenced CDK4/6i may potentiate the clinical impact of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies. As palbociclib is FDA-approved and multiple other CDK4/6 inhibitors are in clinical trials, we expect that this hypothesis will undergo rapid testing in humans.

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O-GlcNAcylation promotes Palbociclib resistance in breast cancer by regulating MITF nuclear translocation [RNA-seq]

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