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Crosstalk between myeloid and B cells shapes the distinct microenvironments of primary and secondary liver cancer

ABSTRACT: The tumor microenvironment is distinctive in primary and secondary liver cancer. B cells represent an important component of immune infiltrates. Here, we demonstrated that B cells are an important regulator in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM) microenvironments. B cells displayed distinct developmental trajectories in HCC and CRLM. Single-cell analysis revealed that IgG+ plasma cells preferentially accumulated in HCC while IgA+ plasma cells were preferentially enriched in CRLM. Mechanistically, IgG+ plasma cells in HCC were recruited by tumor-associated macrophages via the CXCR3-CXCL10 axis, whereas IgA+ plasma cells in CRLM were recruited by metastatic tumor cells via CCR10-CCL28 signaling. Functionally, IgG+ plasma cells preferentially promoted pro-tumorigenic macrophages formation in HCC, and IgA+ plasma cells preferentially induced granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells activation in CRLM. Clinically, increased infiltration of IgG+ plasma cells and macrophages in HCC was correlated to worse survival, while increased intratumoral IgA+ plasma cells and neutrophils in CRLM indicated poor prognosis. Taken together, this study demonstrated plasma and myeloid cell-mediated immunosuppression in HCC and CRLM, suggesting that selectively modulating primary or secondary tumor-related immunosuppressive regulatory networks might reprogram the microenvironment and provide an immunotherapeutic strategy for treating liver cancer.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE235057 | GEO | 2023/06/19

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are highly heterogeneous, derived from myeloid monocyte/macrophages or tissue-resident macrophages, and play vital role in tumor progression. Here we adopted a C57BL/6 mouse model imitating the late-stage colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) by Mc38 colorectal cancer cell injection via the portal vein. We defined the critical period at 7 to 9 days post injection (dpi) for tumor neovascularization on serial sections of CRLM biopsies. The tumor neovascularization was initiated from one of the liver blood vessels via vessel cooption and extended by vascular mimicry and growth of CD34+cells. In samples with increasing sized liver metastases of CRLM, infiltrated Ly6C+ CD11b+ F4/80 monocytes steadily gained the expression of F4/80, a Kupffer cell marker, and then transformed into Ly6C CD11bint F4/80+ cells, which, the same phenotype was also adapted by Ly6C CD11b F4/80+ Kupffer cells. F4/80+ TAMs showed proximity to neovascularization and tumor vessels. Depletion of macrophages or disturbance on macrophage polarization during the crucial period of neovascularization impeded tumor growth and vascularization and resulted in greatly reduced F4/80+ TAMs, yet increased CD11b+ cells due to inhibition of TAM differentiation. In summary, we showed dynamic F4/80+ TAM differentiation within the tumor microenvironment and strengthened its role as perivascular TAMs in CRLM. A set of aliquot samples (about 0.25 cm3) from for flow cytometry preparations (the above method and Fig. 4A) were used for bulk RNA-Sequencing, among these samples, Ht1 and Ht3 were identical samples; F4/80+cells and CD11b+ cells were selected from medium-sized CRLM (Mt2) with microbeads and MS column;A total of 20 samples were sent for analysis. These collected tissues were flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen, stored at - 80°C and shipped on dry ice to the sequencing provider (Novogene, www.novogene.com), who then extracted RNA from these samples and confirmed that all sample RNA were in good quality and adequate concentrations. The resulted RNA-Sequencing data were verified as the clean reads > 95%, Q30 > 90%, and error rate < 0.05%; Square of Pearson Correlation Coefficient (R2) between the biological replicates was > 0.89; R2 of the identical samples (Ht-1 and Ht-3) was > 0.98.

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Crosstalk between myeloid and B cells shapes the distinct microenvironments of primary and secondary liver cancer

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