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Project description:Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most intractable malignancies and systematic chemotherapies are the most commonly-used standard treatment for PDAC patients diagonosed at advanced stages. However, drug resistance may arise as early as several weeks after chemotherapy initiation, thus limiting the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy reagents. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that acquired tolerance to apoptotic cell death induced by cytotoxic drugs is one of the critical reasons for the failure of chemotherapy. Ferroptosis was originally identified as a unique form of programmed cell death, which is characterized by shrunk mitochondria accompanied with condensed membranes and decreased crista, in drug screens searching for small molecules that can selectively kill RAS-expressing cancer cells. Unlike apoptosis, ferroptosis is driven by iron-catalyzed excessive lipid peroxidation, ultimately leading to the rupture of plasma membrane and cell death. Recent studies indicated that ferroptosis induction can be a promising therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment since it not only can kill tumor cells directly but also can synergize with chemotherapy ,radiotherapy,targeted therapy and immunotherapy. However, transformed malignant cells can acquired resistance to ferroptosis through adaptative changes in their epigenome, genome, transcriptome, translatome or proteome. Multiple mechanisms, such as decreased coenzyme Q10 production mediated by the upregulation of apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondria-associated 2 (AIFM2/FSP1) and elevated expression of cytoprotective genes as a result of the activation of antioxidant transcription factor NFE2L2/NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2), have been demonstrated to confer ferroptosis resistance. However, transformed malignant cells can acquired resistance to ferroptosis through adaptative changes in their epigenome, genome, transcriptome, translatome or proteome. Multiple mechanisms, such as decreased coenzyme Q10 production mediated by the upregulation of apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondria-associated 2 (AIFM2/FSP1) and elevated expression of cytoprotective genes as a result of the activation of antioxidant transcription factor NFE2L2/NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2), have been demonstrated to confer ferroptosis resistance.
2024-05-21 | GSE235336 | GEO
Project description:Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most intractable malignancies and systematic chemotherapies are the most commonly-used standard treatment for PDAC patients diagonosed at advanced stages. However, drug resistance may arise as early as several weeks after chemotherapy initiation, thus limiting the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy reagents. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that acquired tolerance to apoptotic cell death induced by cytotoxic drugs is one of the critical reasons for the failure of chemotherapy. Ferroptosis was originally identified as a unique form of programmed cell death, which is characterized by shrunk mitochondria accompanied with condensed membranes and decreased crista, in drug screens searching for small molecules that can selectively kill RAS-expressing cancer cells. Unlike apoptosis, ferroptosis is driven by iron-catalyzed excessive lipid peroxidation, ultimately leading to the rupture of plasma membrane and cell death. Recent studies indicated that ferroptosis induction can be a promising therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment since it not only can kill tumor cells directly but also can synergize with chemotherapy ,radiotherapy,targeted therapy and immunotherapy. However, transformed malignant cells can acquired resistance to ferroptosis through adaptative changes in their epigenome, genome, transcriptome, translatome or proteome. Multiple mechanisms, such as decreased coenzyme Q10 production mediated by the upregulation of apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondria-associated 2 (AIFM2/FSP1) and elevated expression of cytoprotective genes as a result of the activation of antioxidant transcription factor NFE2L2/NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2), have been demonstrated to confer ferroptosis resistance. However, transformed malignant cells can acquired resistance to ferroptosis through adaptative changes in their epigenome, genome, transcriptome, translatome or proteome. Multiple mechanisms, such as decreased coenzyme Q10 production mediated by the upregulation of apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondria-associated 2 (AIFM2/FSP1) and elevated expression of cytoprotective genes as a result of the activation of antioxidant transcription factor NFE2L2/NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2), have been demonstrated to confer ferroptosis resistance. Therefore, unravelling the underlying mechanisms responsible for reduced sensitivity to ferroptosis inducers, such as erastin or RSL3, may pave the way for designing effective therapeutic regimens for PDAC patients.
2024-05-21 | GSE235333 | GEO
Project description:Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has one of the worst survival rates of all cancers. ANO1 (TMEM16A) is a recently identified Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channel (CaCC) that is upregulated in several tumors. Although ANO1 was subject to extensive studies in the recent years, its pathophysiological function has only been poorly understood. The aim of the present study is to establish the significance of ANO1 in PDAC behavior and demarcate its roles in PDAC from those of the volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC). We performed qPCR and Western blot measurements on different PDAC cell lines (Panc-1, Mia PaCa 2, Capan-1, AsPC-1, BxPC-3) and compared the results to those obtained in a human pancreatic ductal epithelium (HPDE) cell line. All cancer cell lines showed an upregulation of ANO1 on mRNA and protein levels. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings identified large Ca(2+) and voltage-dependent Cl(-) currents in PDAC cells. Using siRNA knockdown of ANO1 and three ANO1 inhibitors (T16Ainh-A01, CaCCinh-A01, and NS3728), we found that ANO1 is the main constituent of CaCC current in PDAC cells. We further characterized these three inhibitors and found that they had unspecific effects on the free intracellular calcium concentration. Functional studies on PDAC behavior showed that surprisingly inhibition of ANO1 did not influence cellular proliferation. On the other hand, we found ANO1 channel to be pivotal in PDAC cell migration as assessed in wound healing experiments.
| S-EPMC4464647 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
2014-11-10 | GSE63158 | GEO
Project description:Introduction: PDAC is a lethal malignancy with a clear unmet need; almost all patients fail 1st, 2nd, and 3rd line multi-agent cytotoxic chemotherapy. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been identified as a key signaling node enhancing tumor survival and drug resistance in PDAC; hence, it is considered a promising therapeutic target. Areas covered: We comprehensively reviewed the evidence from preclinical and phase I and II clinical trials, based on the authors'clinical experience and a PubMed, Cochrane library, Embase, and Google Scholar search everolimus + pancreatic cancer. Expert opinion: Everolimus has not demonstrated efficacy in PDAC; however, an mTOR inhibitor in combination with stroma-targeted therapies may be a promising area to explore in clinical trials.
| S-EPMC6681663 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Treating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a major hurdle in the field of oncology. Less than half of patients respond to frontline chemotherapy and the pancreatic tumor microenvironment limits the efficacy of immunotherapeutic approaches. Targeted therapies could serve as effective treatments to enhance the clinical response rate. One potential therapeutic target is survivin, a protein that is normally expressed during embryonic and fetal development and has a critical impact on cell cycle control and apoptosis. In adulthood, survivin is not present in most normal adult cells, but is significantly re-expressed in tumor tissues. In PDAC, elevated survivin expression is correlated with treatment resistance and lower patient survival, although the underlying mechanisms of survivin's action in this type of cancer is poorly understood. Using patient derived xenografts of PDAC and their corresponding primary pancreatic cancer lines (PPCL-46 and PPCL-LM1) possessing increased expression of survivin, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic response of a novel survivin inhibitor, UFSHR, with respect to survivin expression and the tumorigenic characteristics of PDAC. Cell viability and apoptosis analyses revealed that repressing survivin expression by UFSHR or YM155, a well-known inhibitor of survivin, in PPCLs effectively reduces cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis. Tumor cell migration was also hindered following treatment with YM155 and UFSHR. In addition, both survivin inhibitors, particularly UFSHR, effectively reduced progression of PPCL-46 and PPCL-LM1 tumors, when compared to the untreated cohort. Overall, this study provides solid evidence to support the critical role of survivin in PDAC progression and proposes a novel survivin inhibitor UFSHR that can become an alternative strategy for this type of cancer.
| S-EPMC6957139 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely lethal tumor with increasing incidence, presenting numerous clinical challenges. The histopathological examination of novel, unexplored biomarkers offers a promising avenue for research, with significant translational potential for improving patient outcomes. In this study, we evaluated the prognostic significance of ferroptosis markers (TFRC, ALOX-5, ACSL-4, and GPX-4), circadian clock regulators (CLOCK, BMAL1, PER1, PER2), and KLOTHO in a retrospective cohort of 41 patients deceased by PDAC. Immunohistochemical techniques (IHC) and multiple statistical analyses (Kaplan-Meier curves, correlograms, and multinomial linear regression models) were performed. Our findings reveal that ferroptosis markers are directly associated with PDAC mortality, while circadian regulators and KLOTHO are inversely associated. Notably, TFRC emerged as the strongest risk marker associated with mortality (HR = 35.905), whereas CLOCK was identified as the most significant protective marker (HR = 0.01832). Correlation analyses indicate that ferroptosis markers are positively correlated with each other, as are circadian regulators, which also positively correlate with KLOTHO expression. In contrast, KLOTHO and circadian regulators exhibit inverse correlations with ferroptosis markers. Among the clinical variables examined, only the presence of chronic pathologies showed an association with the expression patterns of several proteins studied. These findings underscore the complexity of PDAC pathogenesis and highlight the need for further research into the specific molecular mechanisms driving disease progression.
| S-EPMC11353028 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The aim of the study was to characterize a common molecular mechanism for paclitaxel resistance in Patu-T and Suit-2.028 PDAC cell lines. Despite the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) trasnsporters were already shown to be involved in various chemo-resistant forms of cancers but not in PDAC, the most likely impact of ABCB1 overexpression in PDAC cell models was taken into account in this dataset.
2024-01-26 | PXD040930 | Pride
Project description:Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal forms of cancer. One major reason for this is that PDAC quickly metastasizes to other organs, thereby making its treatment difficult. The molecular machinery driving PDAC metastasis is still poorly understood. In this study, we applied an unbiased approach using CRISPR screening to identify genes that strongly regulate invasion (based on an in vitro assessment of their metastatic potential) in PANC-1, a PDAC cell line. Through CRISPR screening, we identified MBNL3 and KANSL2 as strong regulators of invasion in PANC-1 cells. We further validated MBNL3 and KANSL2 as regulators of PANC-1 cell invasion by using the doxycycline-inducible shRNA system. We also showed that MBNL3 and KANSL2 do not affect cell proliferation. Through our efforts, we have established a process to identify genes that regulate cell invasion and can be further investigated as potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
| S-EPMC6992758 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Lymph node (LN) metastasis occurs frequently in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), representing an advanced disease stage and independently predicting patient survival. Current nodal staging is inadequate preoperatively and even less so postoperatively, and molecular biomarkers are needed to improve prognostication and selection of therapy. Recent data have suggested important roles of miRNAs in PDAC tumorigenesis and progression. The aim of the present study was to identify miRNA expression signature for nodal spread in PDAC patients. Using PDAC human tissue specimens, we identified 39 miRNAs which were differently expressed in LN positive compared to LN negative PDAC samples. Of them, six miRNAs have been reported to play a role in cancer invasion and metastasis. A high versus low six- miRNA signature score was predictive of LN metastasis in the PDAC validation cohort. We demonstrated a similar expression pattern of four out of the six miRNAs in the plasma of PDAC patients. The results of our in-vitro studies revealed that miR-141 and miR-720 are involved in the process of epithelial to mesenchymal-transition in PDAC. These miRNAs significantly inhibited in vitro proliferation, migration and invasion of PDAC cells as evidence by gain- and loss- of function studies, specifically, via ZEB-1 and TWIST1 transcription factors, as well as through the activation of the MAP4K4/JNK signaling pathway.
| S-EPMC6498999 | biostudies-literature