RET overexpression leads to increased brain metastatic competency in luminal breast cancer
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE235886 | GEO | 2024/06/25
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Breast cancer brain metastasis is a rising occurrence, necessitating a better understanding of the mechanisms involved for effective management. Breast cancer brain metastases diverge significantly from the primary tumor, with gains in kinase and concomitant losses of steroid signaling observed. In this study, we explored the role of the kinase receptor RET in promoting breast cancer brain metastasis and provide a rationale for targeting the receptor in this patient cohort. Here, exome capture RNA sequencing data is deposited as sequencing batch corrected log2 transformed trimmed M of means (TMM) normalised counts per million (CPM) (log2(TMM-CPM +1) gene expression values for the patients described in this study (n=19,622 protein coding genes; N=16 tumour samples).
2024-06-25 | GSE268217 | GEO
Project description:Endocrine therapy is the main therapeutic option for patients with estrogen receptor alpha positive (ER+) breast cancer. Nevertheless, most of them become estrogen-independent and relapse after the treatment. Ret is a tyrosine kinase receptor that shows elevated expression levels in ER+ human breast tumors. In this study, we demonstrate that activation of the Ret receptor promotes proliferation as well as cell migration irrespective of endocrine therapy. Microarray data show that Ret activation involves changes in the expression of inflammatory- and motility-related genes. In vivo treatment with a Ret pathway inhibitor in a ER+/Ret+ mouse mammary cancer model, reduces tumor growth and lung metastasis even after endocrine therapy. Additionally, we show a connection between Ret and inflammatory pathways. The pro-inflamatory cytokine IL6 lies at the core of this regulation, which involves a positive feedback loop with IL6 and the Ret pathway reciprocally stimulating each other to further leading metastasis risk. Our findings provide insight into endocrine resistance mechanism and point at the Ret pathway as a potential target for future therapies.
2013-09-25 | GSE41405 | GEO
Project description:Endocrine therapy is the main therapeutic option for patients with estrogen receptor alpha positive (ER+) breast cancer. Nevertheless, most of them become estrogen-independent and relapse after the treatment. Ret is a tyrosine kinase receptor that shows elevated expression levels in ER+ human breast tumors. In this study, we demonstrate that activation of the Ret receptor promotes proliferation as well as cell migration irrespective of endocrine therapy. Microarray data show that Ret activation involves changes in the expression of inflammatory- and motility-related genes. In vivo treatment with a Ret pathway inhibitor in a ER+/Ret+ mouse mammary cancer model, reduces tumor growth and lung metastasis even after endocrine therapy. Additionally, we show a connection between Ret and inflammatory pathways. The pro-inflamatory cytokine IL6 lies at the core of this regulation, which involves a positive feedback loop with IL6 and the Ret pathway reciprocally stimulating each other to further leading metastasis risk. Our findings provide insight into endocrine resistance mechanism and point at the Ret pathway as a potential target for future therapies. In order to model letrozole-sensitive breast cancer we use aromatase expressing MCF7 cells (MCF7/Aro). Six-day treatment (6 days) of cultures with letrozole (L) or fulvestrant (F) reversed the proliferative effects of the exposure to the estrogen (E2) precursor androstenedione (D4A). The addition of only EtOH (E) to the cells was used as control condition of deprivation. Treatment with the Ret ligand GDNF (G) partially rescues the inhibition of estrogen-dependent proliferation in these cells. To go deeper insight into the pathways involved, we decided to perform a microarray following different treatments (1-8: E, E+G, D, D+G, L, L+G, F, F+G) used in proliferation assays. Three biological replicates (rep 1-3) were used to the array.
2013-09-25 | E-GEOD-41405 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Understanding the complex molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to endocrine therapy is a major challenge in the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancers. We have previously demonstrated that glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) signaling via the receptor tyrosine kinase RET promotes estrogen independent activation of ER. Here we have addressed the relevance of GDNF-RET signaling in response to aromatase inhibitor treatment and explored the efficacy of using RET inhibitors in breast cancer models of aromatase inhibitor response and resistance. A GDNF-response gene set, identified from gene expression profiling, was demonstrated to be an independent prognostic marker of poor patient outcome and, importantly, to be predictive of poor response to aromatase inhibitor treatment and development of resistance. The relevance of these findings was validated first by demonstrating an association of RET protein expression in an independent cohort of aromatase inhibitor resistant patient samples. Second, in in vitro models, GDNF-mediated RET signaling was demonstrated to enhance the survival of aromatase inhibitor resistant cells and to increase resistance in aromatase inhibitor sensitive cells. These effects could be reversed by targeting GDNF/RET signaling with the RET selective inhibitor NVP-BBT594 thus identifying GDNF-RET signaling as a potential therapeutic target, particularly in breast cancers resistant to aromatase inhibitors.<br>MCF7 cells were E2-deprived by culturing in phenol red-free RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% DCC for 3 days and then serum-starved overnight in the presence or absence of fulvestrant (ICI182,780) (100 nM). The following day, cells were treated with GDNF (20 ng/ml) for 0, 4, 8, 24 and 48 hours in the presence or absence of fulvestrant (ICI182,780) (100 nM).
2013-01-17 | E-MEXP-3662 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Increased treatment of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with second-generation anti-androgen therapies (ADT) has coincided with a greater incidence of lethal, aggressive variant prostate cancer (AVPC) tumors that have lost androgen receptor (AR) signaling. AVPC tumors may also express neuroendocrine markers, termed neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). Recent evidence suggests kinase signaling may be an important driver of NEPC. To identify targetable kinases in NEPC, we performed global phosphoproteomics comparing AR-negative to AR-positive prostate cancer cell lines and identified multiple altered signaling pathways, including enrichment of RET kinase activity in the AR-negative cell lines. Clinical NEPC and NEPC patient derived xenografts displayed upregulated RET transcript and RET pathway activity. Pharmacologically inhibiting RET kinase in NEPC models dramatically reduced tumor growth and cell viability in mouse and human NEPC models. Our results suggest that targeting RET in NEPC tumors with high RET expression may be a novel treatment option.
2020-05-29 | PXD012970 | Pride
Project description:Increased treatment of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with second-generation anti-androgen therapies (ADT) has coincided with a greater incidence of lethal, aggressive variant prostate cancer (AVPC) tumors that have lost androgen receptor (AR) signaling. AVPC tumors may also express neuroendocrine markers, termed neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). Recent evidence suggests kinase signaling may be an important driver of NEPC. To identify targetable kinases in NEPC, we performed global phosphoproteomics comparing AR-negative to AR-positive prostate cancer cell lines and identified multiple altered signaling pathways, including enrichment of RET kinase activity in the AR-negative cell lines. Clinical NEPC and NEPC patient derived xenografts displayed upregulated RET transcript and RET pathway activity. Pharmacologically inhibiting RET kinase in NEPC models dramatically reduced tumor growth and cell viability in mouse and human NEPC models. Our results suggest that targeting RET in NEPC tumors with high RET expression may be a novel treatment option.
2020-05-29 | PXD012971 | Pride
Project description:Dysregulated estrogen and estrogen receptor (ER)-induced gene transcription is tightly associated with estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-positive breast carcinogenesis. ERα-occupied enhancers, particularly super enhancers, have been suggested to play a vital role in such transcriptional events. However, the landscape of ERα-occupied super enhancers (ERSEs) as well as key super enhancer-associated genes remain to be fully characterized. Here, we defined the landscape of ERSEs in MCF7, a ERα-positive breast cancer cell line, and demonstrated that bromodomain protein BRD4 is a master regulator of the transcriptional activation of ERSE and cognate ERα-target genes. Furthermore, RET, a member of the tyrosine protein kinase family of proteins, was identified to be a key target gene of BRD4-regulated ERSEs, which is vital for estrogen/ ERα-induced gene transcriptional activation and malignant phenotypes through activating the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK-p90RSK-ERα phosphorylation cascade. Accordingly, combination therapy with BRD4 and RET inhibitors exhibited synergistic effects on suppressing ERα-positive breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our data uncovered the critical role of a super enhancer-associated BRD4/ERα-RET-ERα positive feedback loop in ERα-positive breast cancer, and targeting components in this loop will provide new therapeutic avenue for treating ERα-positive breast cancer in the clinic.
2022-10-19 | GSE186645 | GEO
Project description:Dysregulated estrogen and estrogen receptor (ER)-induced gene transcription is tightly associated with estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-positive breast carcinogenesis. ERα-occupied enhancers, particularly super enhancers, have been suggested to play a vital role in such transcriptional events. However, the landscape of ERα-occupied super enhancers (ERSEs) as well as key super enhancer-associated genes remain to be fully characterized. Here, we defined the landscape of ERSEs in MCF7, a ERα-positive breast cancer cell line, and demonstrated that bromodomain protein BRD4 is a master regulator of the transcriptional activation of ERSE and cognate ERα-target genes. Furthermore, RET, a member of the tyrosine protein kinase family of proteins, was identified to be a key target gene of BRD4-regulated ERSEs, which is vital for estrogen/ ERα-induced gene transcriptional activation and malignant phenotypes through activating the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK-p90RSK-ERα phosphorylation cascade. Accordingly, combination therapy with BRD4 and RET inhibitors exhibited synergistic effects on suppressing ERα-positive breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our data uncovered the critical role of a super enhancer-associated BRD4/ERα-RET-ERα positive feedback loop in ERα-positive breast cancer, and targeting components in this loop will provide new therapeutic avenue for treating ERα-positive breast cancer in the clinic.
2022-10-19 | GSE186644 | GEO
Project description:Dysregulated estrogen and estrogen receptor (ER)-induced gene transcription is tightly associated with estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-positive breast carcinogenesis. ERα-occupied enhancers, particularly super enhancers, have been suggested to play a vital role in such transcriptional events. However, the landscape of ERα-occupied super enhancers (ERSEs) as well as key super enhancer-associated genes remain to be fully characterized. Here, we defined the landscape of ERSEs in MCF7, a ERα-positive breast cancer cell line, and demonstrated that bromodomain protein BRD4 is a master regulator of the transcriptional activation of ERSE and cognate ERα-target genes. Furthermore, RET, a member of the tyrosine protein kinase family of proteins, was identified to be a key target gene of BRD4-regulated ERSEs, which is vital for estrogen/ ERα-induced gene transcriptional activation and malignant phenotypes through activating the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK-p90RSK-ERα phosphorylation cascade. Accordingly, combination therapy with BRD4 and RET inhibitors exhibited synergistic effects on suppressing ERα-positive breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our data uncovered the critical role of a super enhancer-associated BRD4/ERα-RET-ERα positive feedback loop in ERα-positive breast cancer, and targeting components in this loop will provide new therapeutic avenue for treating ERα-positive breast cancer in the clinic.
2022-10-19 | GSE186643 | GEO
Project description:RET-aberrant cancer discovered as a relevant targetable oncogene in several types of tumors, whose inhibitors have marked efficacy. However, some of patients with RET-aberrant cancer are insensitive to RET- tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and are clinically non-responders. Recently, drug-tolerant mechanisms have been gaining attention as targets for initial therapies aimed at overcoming drug resistance. However, the underlying mechanisms of drug-tolerant cells emergence treated with RET-TKIs derived from RET-aberrant cancer cells remains unknown. In this study, HER3 signal activity through YAP1 was led to maintaining cell survival and inducing the emergence of cells tolerant to RET-TKIs selpercatinib and pralsetinib in high YAP1 expressed RET- rearranged cancer cells. These results suggested that YAP1-HER3 axis plays pivotal roles for cell survival under an exposure with RET-TKIs in the intrinsic resistance to RET-TKIs and the emergence of tolerant cells by RET-TKIs in YAP1 expressed RET-aberrant cancer, suggesting that YAP1/HER3 inhibition and RET-TKIs is a highly potent combination for initial treatment.
2024-09-30 | GSE261830 | GEO