Endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles promote sepsis-related acute lung injury by targeting and reprogramming monocytes
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ABSTRACT: Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common life-threatening critical syndrome with no effective pharmacotherapy. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are considered as a new way of long-distance communication between cells. Our previous research using an ex vivo perfused human ALI model suggested that endothelial cell-derived EVs (EC-EVs) mediate the development of ALI/ARDS. However, how EC-EVs aggravate lung injury remains largely unknown. Here we demonstrated that EC-EVs released under inflammatory stimulation are preferentially taken up by monocytes and reprogram the differentiation of monocytes towards M1 type macrophage. These findings demonstrate a previously unidentified mechanism by which distant infections could lead to ALI/ARDS, providing novel targets and strategies for the prevention and treatment of sepsis-related ALI/ARDS.
Project description:The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)/Acute Lung Injury (ALI) was described 30 years ago, yet the interaction between specific sets of genes involved in this syndrome remains incompletely understood. Experiment Overall Design: 13 patients with ALI + sepsis and 21 patients with sepsis alone were recruited from the Medical Intensive Care Unit of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center between February 2005 and June 2007. Whole blood was obtained from each patient within 48 hours of admission, and RNA was extracted for gene expression profiling, and comparison analysis.
Project description:The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)/Acute Lung Injury (ALI) was described 30 years ago, yet the interaction between specific sets of genes involved in this syndrome remains incompletely understood. Keywords: disease state analysis
Project description:<p>Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)/ Acute Lung Injury (ALI) is a syndrome defined by the presence of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, bilateral pulmonary infiltrates on chest radiograph, a known clinical risk factor (e.g. sepsis, pneumonia, trauma, gastric fluid aspiration, pancreatitis, massive transfusion), and the absence of physiologic or clinical evidence of congestive heart failure.</p> <p>The Identification of SNPs Predisposing to Altered ALI Risk (iSPAAR) study is a multi-institutional cooperative study, funded through the NHLBI Recovery Act, that assembled samples and phenotype information from existing cohorts.</p> <p>The consortium included samples from patients with ARDS from the NIH NHLBI ARDS Clinical Trials Network (ARDSNet). Samples were obtained from 3 interventional treatment trials in patients with ARDS, including the Fluid and Catheter Treatment Trial (FACTT), the Albuterol to Treat Acute Lung Injury (ALTA) trial, and the Omega-3 Fatty Acid/Antioxidant Supplementation for ALI trial (Omega).</p> <p>In addition to ARDSnet samples, samples from the other cohorts included cases of established ARDS but also controls: critically ill patients who were at-risk for ARDS but who did not develop ARDS during their hospital course. These cohorts included the Molecular Epidemiology of Acute Respiratory Distress (MEA) Study enrolled at the Harvard University/Massachusetts General Hospital, the Systemic Inflammatory Immune Response Syndrome (SIRS) Patient Database and ICU Traumatic Injury cohorts from Harborview Medical Center, and cohorts collected from the ALI research programs at the University of Pennsylvania and the University of California, San Francisco.</p> <p><b>The Cohort is utilized in the following dbGaP sub-studies.</b> To view genotypes, other molecular data, and derived variables collected in these sub-studies, please click on the following sub-studies below or in the "Sub-studies" box located on the right hand side of this top-level study page <a href="study.cgi?study_id=phs000631">phs000631</a> ARDSnet iSPAAR Consortium. <ul> <li><a href="study.cgi?study_id=phs000334">phs000334</a> ESP_LungGO_ALI </li> <li><a href="study.cgi?study_id=phs000686">phs000686</a> ALI_GeneticRisk </li> </ul> </p>
Project description:Endothelial cells (ECs) serve as a semipermeable barrier and play a key role in acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It is well known that fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is a requirement for maintaining vascular integrity. However, how endothelial FGFR1 exerts its function remains obscure in ALI/ARDS. Here, we performed RNA-seq analysis to investigate transcriptional changes of ECs between saline and LPS group, WT (Fgfr1loxp/loxp) and endothelial Fgfr1-conditional knock out mice (Fgfr1iΔEC/iΔEC mice).
Project description:Background: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) or its earlier stage Acute lung injury (ALI), is a worldwide health concern that jeopardizes human well-being. Currently, the treatment strategies to mitigate the incidence and mortality of ARDS are severely restricted. This limitation can be attributed, at least in part, to the substantial variations in immunity observed in individuals with this syndrome. Methods: Bulk and single cell RNA sequencing from ALI mice and single cell RNA sequencing from ARDS patients were analyzed. We utilized the Seurat program package in R and cellmarker 2.0 to cluster and annotate the data. The differential, enrichment, protein interaction, and cell-cell communication analysis were conducted. Results: The mice with ALI caused by pulmonary and extrapulmonary factors demonstrated differential expression including Clec4e, Retnlg, S100a9, Coro1a, and Lars2. We have determined that inflammatory factors have a greater significance in extrapulmonary ALI, while multiple pathways collaborate in the development of pulmonary ALI. Clustering analysis revealed significant heterogeneity in the relative abundance of immune cells in different ALI models. The autocrine action of neutrophils plays a crucial role in pulmonary ALI. Additionally, there was a significant increase in signaling intensity between B cells and M1 macrophages, NKT cells and M1 macrophages in extrapulmonary ALI. The CXCL, CSF3 and MIF, TGFb signaling pathways play a vital role in pulmonary and extrapulmonary ALI, respectively. Moreover, the analysis of human single-cell revealed DCs signaling to monocytes and neutrophils in COVID-19-associated ARDS is stronger compared to sepsis-related ARDS. In sepsis-related ARDS, CD8+ T and Th cells exhibit more prominent signaling to B cell nucleated DCs. Meanwhile, both MIF and CXCL signaling pathways are specific to sepsis-related ARDS. Conclusion: This study has identified specific gene signatures and signaling pathways in animal models and human samples that facilitate the interaction between immune cells, which could be targeted therapeutically in ARDS patients of various etiologies.
Project description:Background: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) or its earlier stage Acute lung injury (ALI), is a worldwide health concern that jeopardizes human well-being. Currently, the treatment strategies to mitigate the incidence and mortality of ARDS are severely restricted. This limitation can be attributed, at least in part, to the substantial variations in immunity observed in individuals with this syndrome. Methods: Bulk and single cell RNA sequencing from ALI mice and single cell RNA sequencing from ARDS patients were analyzed. We utilized the Seurat program package in R and cellmarker 2.0 to cluster and annotate the data. The differential, enrichment, protein interaction, and cell-cell communication analysis were conducted. Results: The mice with ALI caused by pulmonary and extrapulmonary factors demonstrated differential expression including Clec4e, Retnlg, S100a9, Coro1a, and Lars2. We have determined that inflammatory factors have a greater significance in extrapulmonary ALI, while multiple pathways collaborate in the development of pulmonary ALI. Clustering analysis revealed significant heterogeneity in the relative abundance of immune cells in different ALI models. The autocrine action of neutrophils plays a crucial role in pulmonary ALI. Additionally, there was a significant increase in signaling intensity between B cells and M1 macrophages, NKT cells and M1 macrophages in extrapulmonary ALI. The CXCL, CSF3 and MIF, TGFβ signaling pathways play a vital role in pulmonary and extrapulmonary ALI, respectively. Moreover, the analysis of human single-cell revealed DCs signaling to monocytes and neutrophils in COVID-19-related ARDS is stronger compared to sepsis-associated ARDS. In sepsis-associated ARDS, CD8+ T and Th cells exhibit more prominent signaling to B-cell nucleated DCs. Meanwhile, both MIF and CXCL signaling pathways are specific to sepsis-associated ARDS. Conclusions: This study has identified specific gene signatures and signaling pathways in animal models and human samples that facilitate the interaction between immune cells, which could be targeted therapeutically in ARDS patients of various etiologies.
Project description:Acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe syndrome affecting more than 200,000 patients annually in the U.S. New studies are needed to understand the biological and clinical mechanisms that impair alveolar epithelial function. Also, innovative therapies are needed for the resolution of pulmonary edema in ARDS. We and other investigators have reported that bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are effective in preclinical models of ALI due to their ability to secrete several paracrine factors that can regulate lung endothelial and epithelial permeability, including growth factors, anti-inflammatory cytokines, and antimicrobial peptides. So in this study we will test the therapeutic value of human MSCs in an in vitro model of acute lung injury induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines. We will identify differentially expressed genes in primary cultures of human alveolar epithelial type II cells and human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells using Affymetrix gene expression arrays. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and human alveolar epithelial type II cells were co-cultured in a transwell system. The cells were stimulated with cytomix (a combination of different pro-inflammatory cytokines) under different conditions. Cells were harvested for Affymetrix gene expression arrays. Total 25 samples are analyzed, 3~5 replicates are included.
Project description:Acute lung injury (ALI) and its most severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), cause severe endothelial dysfunction in the lung and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is elevated in ARDS. We have found that the levels of a VEGF-regulated microRNA, microRNA-1 (miR-1) is reduced in the lung endothelium after acute injury. Pulmonary endothelial cell (EC)-specific overexpression of miR-1 protects the lung against cell death and barrier dysfunction in both murine and human models and increases the survival of mice after pneumonia-induced ALI. MiR-1 has an intrinsic protective effect in pulmonary and other types of ECs; it inhibits apoptosis and necroptosis pathways and decreases capillary leak by protecting adherens and tight junctions. Comparative gene expression analysis and RISC recruitment assays identified miR-1 targets in the context of injury, including phosphodiesterase 5A (PDE5A), angiopoetin-2 (ANGPT2), connector enhancer of kinase suppressor of ras 3 (CNKSR3) and TNF alpha induced protein 2 (TNFAIP2). We validated miR-1-mediated regulation of ANGPT2 in both mouse and human ECs and found that in a 119-patient pneumonia cohort, miR-1 correlated inversely with ANGPT2. These findings illustrate the novel role of miR-1 as a cytoprotective orchestrator of endothelial response to acute injury with prognostic and therapeutic potential.
Project description:Acute lung injury (ALI) and its most severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), cause severe endothelial dysfunction in the lung and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is elevated in ARDS. We have found that the levels of a VEGF-regulated microRNA, microRNA-1 (miR-1) is reduced in the lung endothelium after acute injury. Pulmonary endothelial cell (EC)-specific overexpression of miR-1 protects the lung against cell death and barrier dysfunction in both murine and human models and increases the survival of mice after pneumonia-induced ALI. MiR-1 has an intrinsic protective effect in pulmonary and other types of ECs; it inhibits apoptosis and necroptosis pathways and decreases capillary leak by protecting adherens and tight junctions. Comparative gene expression analysis and RISC recruitment assays identified miR-1 targets in the context of injury, including phosphodiesterase 5A (PDE5A), angiopoetin-2 (ANGPT2), connector enhancer of kinase suppressor of ras 3 (CNKSR3) and TNF alpha induced protein 2 (TNFAIP2). We validated miR-1-mediated regulation of ANGPT2 in both mouse and human ECs and found that in a 119-patient pneumonia cohort, miR-1 correlated inversely with ANGPT2. These findings illustrate the novel role of miR-1 as a cytoprotective orchestrator of endothelial response to acute injury with prognostic and therapeutic potential.
Project description:Acute Lung Injury (ALI) can cause Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), a lethal condition with limited treatment options and currently a common global cause of death due to COVID-19-induced ALI. ARDS secondary to Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI) has been recapitulated pre-clinically by anti-MHC-I antibody administration to LPS-primed mice. In this model, we demonstrated that inhibitors of PTP1B, a protein tyrosine phosphatase that regulates signaling pathways of fundamental importance to homeostasis and inflammation, prevented lung injury and increased survival. Treatment with PTP1B inhibitors attenuated the aberrant neutrophil function that drives ALI, and was associated with release of myeloperoxidase, suppression of Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) formation, and inhibition of neutrophil migration. Mechanistically, reduced signaling through the CXCR4 chemokine receptor, particularly to the activation of mTOR, was essential for these effects, linking PTP1B in hibition to promoting an aged neutrophil phenotype. Considering dysregulated activation of neutrophils is implicated in sepsis and can cause collateral tissue damage, we demonstrated also that PTP1B inhibitors improved survival and ameliorated lung injury in the LPS-induced sepsis model. Our data highlight PTP1B inhibition for prevention of TRALI and ARDS from multiple etiologies.