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Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 mediates the increase in interferon stimulated genes during replication stress

ABSTRACT: Replication stress (RS) is a hallmark of cancer and is defined as the perturbation of DNA replication that results in stalled or collapsed DNA replication forks. Chemotherapeutic drugs exploit this phenomenon by enhancing the RS, resulting in cell death. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is responsible for post-translational symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) modification. This modification is important for regulating RS. PRMT5 is upregulated in several malignancies and therefore inhibitors have been developed. To understand the consequences of PRMT5 inhibition, we investigated its role in replication stress response. Employing the RS inducer hydroxyurea (HU) and the PRMT5 inhibitor GSK591, we discovered a PRMT5-mediated increase in SDMA during RS. Furthermore, we observed that RS resulted in a PRMT5-dependent transcriptional increase in interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Therefore, we demonstrated a previously unreported role for PRMT5-mediated SDMA in the context of RS.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE236930 | GEO | 2024/08/30

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:PRMT5 is the major enzyme that catalyzes the symmetric dimethylation of arginine (sDMA) in mammalian cells. Its activity is crucial for many biological processes including transcriptional regulation, mRNA processing, as well as DNA damage and repair. However, the protein substrates identified for PRMT5 have yet been limited in numbers, hindering the understanding of PRMT5 functions in normal as well as diseased cells. Herein we developed an optimized strategy for proteomic profiling of cellular sDMA and apply it to the discovery of novel PRMT5 substrates. Our results show that a combination of proteolytic digestion by the metalloprotease ulilysin and using electron-transfer dissociation with supplemental activation as the mass spectrometry method significantly increased sDMA site identification and localization after immuno-affinity enrichment. By employing SILAC-based differential quantitative proteomic approach and a PRMT5 specific inhibitor, we identified 325 sDMA sites being regulated by PRMT5, 220 being novel sites, which greatly expanded the number of PRMT5 substrates. Biochemical studies confirmed the newly discovered PRMT5 substrate, Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 RNA-binding protein (SERBP1) and revealed that the RGG/RG motif in the central region of SERBP1 contains both PRMT5-catalyzed sDMA and Type I PRMT-catalyzed asymmetric dimethylation of arginine (aDMA). Unexpectedly, using the optimized methylarginine profiling strategy, we also discovered arginine trimethylation, a previously unknown type of modification, on the central RGG/RG region of SERBP1. By mutational studies we demonstrated that the trimethyl modification on R172 of SERBP1 regulates its recruitment to stress granule (SG) under oxidative stress, indicating a functional role of arginine trimethylation in the cell. Overall, the optimized profiling strategy not only enabled the identification of extensive, non-overlapping sDMA sites and novel PRMT5 substrates, but also revealed a potentially important new PTM, arginine trimethylation. The work lays the foundation for further investigations on the functional interplay of different methylation modifications on arginines, especially in the heavily methylated RGG/RG motif of many RNA-binding proteins.

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Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 mediates the increase in interferon stimulated genes during replication stress

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