Browse
Submit Data
Databases
API
Help

Dataset Information

0 Views

0 Connections

0 Citations

0 Reanalyses

0 Downloads

Omics score: 0

Massive horizontal gene transfer and the evolution of nematomorph-driven behavioral manipulation of mantids

ABSTRACT: To complete their life cycle, a wide range of parasites must manipulate the behavior of their hosts. This manipulation is a well-known example of the “extended phenotype,” where genes in one organism have phenotypic effects on another organism. Recent studies have explored the parasite genes responsible for such manipulation of host behavior, including the potential molecular mechanisms. However, little is known about how parasites have acquired the genes involved in manipulating phylogenetically distinct hosts. In a fascinating example of the extended phenotype, nematomorph parasites have evolved the ability to induce their terrestrial insect hosts to enter bodies of water, where the parasite then reproduces. Here, we comprehensively analyzed nematomorphs and their mantid hosts, focusing on the transcriptomic changes associated with host manipulations and sequence similarity between host and parasite genes to test molecular mimicry. The nematomorph’s transcriptome changed during host manipulation, whereas no distinct changes were found in mantids. We then discovered numerous possible host-derived genes in nematomorphs, and these genes were frequently up-regulated during host manipulation. Our findings suggest a possible general role of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in the molecular mechanisms of host manipulation, as well as in the genome evolution of manipulative parasites. The evidence of HGT between multicellular eukaryotes remains scarce but is increasing and, therefore, elucidating its mechanisms will advance our understanding of the enduring influence of HGT on the evolution of the web of life.

ORGANISM(S): Tenodera angustipennis Chordodes fukuii

PROVIDER: GSE237182 | GEO | 2023/10/19

REPOSITORIES: GEO

ACCESS DATA

Json Xml

Dataset's files

Source:

			Action	DRS
		Other

Items per page:

1 - 1 of 1

Similar Datasets

ROP16-dependent host transcriptional responses in chicken embryonic fibroblasts infected with T. gondii [RH, ROP16-KO]

Project description:Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous protozoan pathogen able to infect both mammalian and avian hosts. Surprisingly, just three strains appear to account for the majority of isolates from Europe and N. America. To test the hypothesis that strain divergence might be driven by differences between mammalian and avian response to infection, we examine in vitro strain-dependent host responses in a representative avian host, the chicken. To identify parasite drivers of strain-dependent host response, QTL mapping was used; analysis revealed a locus on Toxoplasma chromosome VIIb. To determine whether this was the parasite gene ROP16, array analysis was performed on chicken embryonic fibroblasts infected with Type I parasites and ROP16-KO parasites (of a Type I background). Chicken embryonic fibroblasts were cultivated in vitro and infected with either Type I (RH) parasites or Type I ROP16-KO parasites; ROP16-dependent host transcriptional responses were then analyzed at 5 hours post-infection.

2011-05-27 | E-GEOD-29564 | biostudies-arrayexpress

ROP16-dependent host transcriptional responses in chicken embryonic fibroblasts infected with T. gondii [RH, ROP16-KO]

2011-05-27 | GSE29564 | GEO

Divergent co-transcriptomes of different host cells infected with Toxoplasma gondii reveal cell type-specific host-parasite interactions

Project description:The apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii infects a broad range of different cell types in avian and mammalian hosts including humans. Infection of immunocompetent hosts is mostly asymptomatic or benign, but leads to development of largely dormant bradyzoites that persist for the hosts life predominantly within neurons and muscle cells. Here we have analyzed the impact of the host cell type on the co-transcriptomes of host and parasite using high-throughput RNA sequencing. Murine cortical neurons and astrocytes, skeletal muscle cells (SkMCs) and fibroblasts differed by more than 16,200 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) before and at 24 hours after infection with T. gondii. However, only 157 to 492 of these DEGs were regulated within the different cell types by infection. Intriguingly, largely diverse sets of genes were regulated in neurons, SkMCs, astrocytes and fibroblasts following infection indicating host cell type-specific transcriptional responses. Only a few genes were identified that were commonly regulated in two or three host cell types after infection. The heterogeneous transcriptomes of the host cells before and during infection coincided with the differential expression of ~5,400 genes in T. gondii residing in the different host cells. Expression of these DEGs mostly differed quantitatively but within neurons, T. gondii also expressed 121 genes in a strictly host cell-type specific manner. Interestingly, we identified gene clusters in both T. gondii and its host, which correlated with the predominant parasite persistence in neurons or SkMCs as compared to astrocytes or fibroblasts. Thus, heterogeneous expression profiles of different host cell types and the parasites’ ability to adapt to them may govern the parasite-host cell interaction during toxoplasmosis.

2017-08-07 | GSE94595 | GEO

Dynamic methylation of histone H3K18 in differentiating Theileria parasites

Project description:Lysine methylation on histone tails impacts genome regulation and cell fate determination in many developmental processes. Apicomplexa intracellular parasites cause major diseases and they have developed complex life cycles with fine-tuned differentiation events. Yet, apicomplexa genomes have few transcription factors and little is known about their epigenetic control systems. Tick-borne Theileria apicomplexa species have relatively small, compact genomes and a remarkable ability to transform leukocytes in their bovine hosts. Here we report enriched H3 lysine 18 monomethylation (H3K18me1) on the gene bodies of repressed genes in Theileria macroschizonts. Differentiation to merozoites (merogony) led to decreased H3K18me1 in parasite nuclei. Pharmacological manipulation of H3K18 acetylation or methylation impacted parasite differentiation and expression of stage-specific genes. Finally, we identified a parasite SET-domain methyltransferase (TaSETup1) that can methylate H3K18 and represses gene expression. Thus, H3K18me1 emerges as an important epigenetic mark which controls gene expression and stage differentiation in Theileria parasites.

2021-03-25 | PXD024599 | Pride

Project description:Parasite microbiomes and host manipulation

| PRJNA1070336 | ENA

Gene expression during biting behavior in zombie ants reflects the complexity of fungal pathogenic manipulation of ants

Project description:The biting behavior observed in Carpenter ants infected by the specialized fungus Ophiocordyceps unilateralis s.l. is an example of a complex host behavioral manipulation by parasite. Though parasitic manipulation of host behavior is generally assumed to be due to the parasite’s gene expression, few studies have set out to test this. We experimentally infected Carpenter ants to collect tissue from both parasite and host during the time period when manipulated biting behavior is experienced. Upon observation of synchronized biting, samples were collected and subjected to RNA-Seq analyses. We also sequenced and annotated the O. unilateralis s.l. genome as a reference for the fungal reads. Our mixed transcriptomics approach, together with a comparative genomics study, shows that the majority of the fungal genes that are up-regulated during manipulated biting behavior are unique to the O. unilateralis s.l. genome. This study furthermore reveals that the fungal parasite might be regulating immune- and neuronal stress responses in the host during manipulated biting, as well as impairing its chemosensory communication and causing apoptosis. Moreover, we found genes up-regulated during manipulation that putatively encode for proteins with reported effects on behavioral outputs, proteins involved in various neuropathologies, and proteins involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids.

2015-08-18 | GSE68176 | GEO

Transcriptome of Plasmodium berghei wildtype parasites and KIN knockout parasites [RNA-seq]

Project description:The ability to sense, respond and adapt to changes in nutrient availability is a survival requisite. This might be particularly important for malaria parasites, which encounter major alterations in nutrients levels throughout infection. How these parasites deal with nutrient fluctuations and maintain infection without killing their hosts before transmission remains unknown. Here, we show that blood-stage malaria parasites respond to dietary-restriction through a rearrangement of their transcriptome accompanied by a significant reduction in their multiplication rate. A kinome analysis combined with chemical and genetic approaches identified KIN, a putative AMP-activated kinase homologue, as a master regulator that senses host nutrients both in vitro and in vivo, and mediates the transcriptional response to the host nutritional status. Diet-responsive genes include the plant-like ApiAP2 transcription regulators, which appear to act as downstream effectors of KIN. Overall, these findings reveal key components of a parasite nutrient-sensing mechanism that is critical to modulate replication and virulence in malaria parasites.

2017-07-14 | GSE69627 | GEO

Theileria parasites sequester host eIF5A to escape elimination by host-mediated autophagy

Project description:Intracellular pathogens develop elaborate mechanisms to survive within the hostile environments of host cells. Theileria parasites infect bovine leukocytes and cause devastating diseases in cattle in developing countries. Theileria spp. have evolved sophisticated strategies to hijack host leukocytes, inducing proliferative and invasive phenotypes characteristic of cell transformation. Intracellular Theileria parasites secrete proteins into the host cell and recruit host proteins to induce oncogenic signaling for parasite survival. It is unknown how Theileria parasites evade host cell defense mechanisms, such as autophagy, to survive within host cells. Here, we show that Theileria annulata parasites sequester the host eIF5A protein to their surface to escape elimination by autophagic processes. We identified a small-molecule compound that reduces parasite load by inducing autophagic flux in host leukocytes, thereby uncoupling Theileria parasite survival from host cell survival. We took a chemical genetics approach to show that this compound induced host autophagy mechanisms and the formation of autophagic structures via AMPK activation and the release of the host protein eIF5A which is sequestered at the parasite surface. The sequestration of host eIF5A to the parasite surface offers a strategy to escape elimination by autophagic mechanisms. These results show how intracellular pathogens can avoid host defense mechanisms and identify a new anti-Theileria drug that induces autophagy to target parasite removal.

2023-12-19 | GSE250088 | GEO

Transcriptomic analysis of Plasmodium PBANKA, PBSLTRiP-KO, PB268-KO parasite infected and uninfected host cell

Project description:Liver stage of malaria parasite exports SLTRiP and PB268 to the cytosol of parasite infected host cell. To know the host genes perturbed by WT-PBANKA, SLTRiP-KO and PB268-KO parasite growth, we did transcriptomic sequencing of infected host cells. We did mRNA sequencing of four samples for comparative analysis of WT and PB-knockout parasites infected host cells at 22 hours of post sporozoites infection.

2016-01-01 | GSE53292 | GEO

Comparative analysis of co-evolving host-parasite associations reveal unique expression patterns and pathways underlying slavemaker raiding and host defensive behavior in ants

Project description:The transition to parasitism is a drastic shift in lifestyle, involving rapid changes in gene structure, function, and expression. Evolutionarily 'young' parasites are ideal models for the elucidation of the early steps of this transition. After the establishment of an antagonistic relationship, parasite and host co-evolve through reciprocal adaptations resulting in an evolutionary arms-race. Repeated evolution of social parasitism and slavery among Temnothorax ants allows us to examine gene expression patterns characterizing slavemaker raiding and reciprocal host defensive behavior. Previous studies of Temnothorax provide evidence for co-evolving adaptations between parasites and hosts, as well as diverging raiding strategies between slavemakers. However, under parasite pressure, host defense portfolios shift similarly, suggesting diverging evolution of defensive traits. Through comparative gene expression analyses, we find that slavemaker raiding behavior is characterized by a down-regulation of numerous genes relative to their non-raiding state. Moreover, only a small number of genes shared expression between slavemaking species. In contrast, hosts possess a higher ratio of commonly-to-privately over-expressed genes and metabolic pathways during raids, suggesting that genes of similar function control defensive behavior. Additionally, a number of candidate genes were identified, each potentially playing a major role in shaping slavemaker- and host-specific behaviors. Finally, in two slavemaking species, functional enrichment analyses indicate that genes over-expressed during raiding behavior are associated with ribosomal structure, oxidation-reduction, and metabolic processes. Overall, our analysis revealed evidence for divergent evolution among closely-related ant species, where species-specific gene expression characterize raiding and defensive behavior.

2017-07-01 | GSE95604 | GEO

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

OmicsDI is an Elixir interoperability service. Learn more ›

Tweets

OmicsDI Databases

PRIDE
PeptideAtlas
MassIVE
JPOST Repository
Physiome Model Repository

EGA
EVA
ENA
LINCS
PAXDB
Cell Collective

MetaboLights
Metabolomics Workbench
MetabolomeExpress
GNPS
BioModels
FAIRDOMHub

ArrayExpress
dbGaP
ExpressionAtlas
GEO
NODE

Information

Databases
Help
API
Contact us
Code on GitHub
Terms of use
Submit Data