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The pathological alterations in hearts from polycystic ovary syndrome mice [female_PAMH]

ABSTRACT: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrine disease in reproductive-aged women, is associated with an increased prevalence and extent of coronary artery disease. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we observed that hearts from PCOS mice were characterized by increased total macrophage accumulation. Monocyte-derived macrophages were significantly increased in the hearts of PCOS mice owing to enhanced circulating monocyte supply. Compared with control mice, PCOS mice showed a significant increase in splenic monocyte output, associated with elevated hematopoietic progenitors in the spleen and sympathetic tone. Compared with non-PCOS animals, PCOS-induced mice showed significantly exacerbated atherosclerotic plaque development and post-MI cardiac remodeling. Conditional Vcam1 silencing in PCOS mice significantly suppressed cardiac inflammation and improved post-MI cardiac injury. Our data documented new mechanisms through which PCOS may affect cardiovascular health in women.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE238072 | GEO | 2024/01/02

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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The pathological alterations in hearts from polycystic ovary syndrome mice [NWZ_HFD]

Project description:Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrine disease in reproductive-aged women, is associated with an increased prevalence and extent of coronary artery disease. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we observed that hearts from PCOS mice were characterized by increased total macrophage accumulation. Monocyte-derived macrophages were significantly increased in the hearts of PCOS mice owing to enhanced circulating monocyte supply. Compared with control mice, PCOS mice showed a significant increase in splenic monocyte output, associated with elevated hematopoietic progenitors in the spleen and sympathetic tone. Compared with non-PCOS animals, PCOS-induced mice showed significantly exacerbated atherosclerotic plaque development and post-MI cardiac remodeling. Conditional Vcam1 silencing in PCOS mice significantly suppressed cardiac inflammation and improved post-MI cardiac injury. Our data documented new mechanisms through which PCOS may affect cardiovascular health in women.

2024-01-02 | GSE238073 | GEO

The pathological alterations in hearts from polycystic ovary syndrome mice [male_PAMH]

2024-01-02 | GSE238074 | GEO

TRIM21 aggravates cardiac injury after myocardial infarction via promoting M1 macrophage polarization

Project description:Macrophage polarization followed by acute myocardial infarction (MI) is essential for the regulation of inflammation and scar formation. Tripartite motif-containing protein 21 (TRIM21), a member of E3 ubiquitin ligases, is a crucial mediator in the process of inflammation and heart failure. However, the potential roles of TRIM21 in modulating post-MI inflammation and macrophage polarization remain elusive. We detected that the levels of TRIM21 were significantly reduced in macrophages of WT mice after MI. In contrast, MI was ameliorated in TRIM21 knockout (TRIM21-/-) mice with improved cardiac remodeling, characterized by a marked decrease in mortality, increased wall thickness, and improved cardiac function in comparison with wild-type (WT) MI mice. Importantly, TRIM21 deficiency decreased the post-MI apoptosis and DNA damage in the hearts of mice, and the accumulation of M1 phenotype macrophages in infarcted hearts significantly decreased in TRIM21-/- mice compared with WT controls. Mechanistically, depletion of TRIM21 orchestrated the process of M1 macrophage polarization via a PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Overall, these data reveal that TRIM21 drives the inflammatory response and cardiac remodeling after MI via stimulating M1 macrophage polarization through a PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

2022-12-31 | GSE214696 | GEO

Single cell RNAseq profiling of Tbx1 function in adult post myocardial infarction hearts [scRNA-seq]

Project description:Post-myocardial infarction (Post-MI) heart failure is an unanswered clinical challenge. Current immunological intervention trials to reduce MI damage are unsatisfactory. Thus a thorough understanding of post-MI immune response is imperative. Tbx1, the major 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) disease gene, reactivated in cardiac lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) to promote post-MI repair. Endothelial deletion of Tbx1 deteriorated post-MI cardiac function through a dual approach, impaired lymphangiogenesis and weakened immunosuppression. To characterize cell autonous function of Tbx1 in endothelial population and cell non-autonous effect in immune cells, we set to performed scRNA-seq on Ctrl (Tbx1flox/flox) and Tbx1cko (Fabp4-Cre;Tbx1flox/flox) hearts. The dataset is comprised of total 55,106 single cells transcriptomes. We identified eight principal non-myocyte types with their known markers, including CD31-expressing vascular endothelial cell (VEC), LEC, pericyte, as well as CD45-expressing monocyte/macrophage, dendritic cell (DC), neutrophil, T/innate lymphoid cell (ILC), and B cell. Interestingly, we found that the relative percentage of monocyte/macrophage population, which is most abundant among all immune cells, was significantly decreased in Tbx1cko hearts, whereas T/ILC population was increased. Taken together, single cell transcriptomic analyses suggest a potential cell non-autonomous effect that Tbx1 deficiency in endothelium may cause imbalance in immune response.

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Thymic stromal lymphopoietin modulates T cell response to improve cardiac repair post-myocardial infarction

Project description:The inflammatory response is associated with cardiac repair and ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). The key inflammation regulatory factor thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) plays a critical role in various diseases. However, its role in cardiac repair after MI remains uncertain. In this study, we elucidated the biological function and mechanism of action of TSLP in cardiac repair and ventricular remodeling following MI. Wild-type and TSLP receptor (TSLPR)-knockout (Crlf2-/-) mice underwent MI induction via ligation of the left descending artery. TSLP expression was upregulated in the infarcted heart, with a peak observed on day 7 post-MI. TSLP expression was enriched in the cardiomyocytes of infarcted hearts, with the highest expression observed in dendritic cells. Crlf2-/- mice exhibited significantly reduced survival and worsened cardiac function, increased interstitial fibrosis and cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area, and reduced CD31+ staining, with no change in the proportion of apoptotic cardiomyocytes within the border zone. Mechanistically, a reduction in regulatory T cells and more innate immune cells and their subsets were observed in the infarcted hearts of Crlf2-/- mice, accompanied by a systemic reduction in T cell activation and proliferation. Simultaneously, RNA sequencing analysis of the infarcted hearts revealed significant downregulation of genes in Crlf2-/- mice. Our findings indicate that TSLP plays a pivotal role in regulating T cell responses, specifically T regulatory cells, thus promoting cardiac repair, which may provide a potential novel therapeutic approach for managing heart failure after MI.

2024-09-21 | GSE265931 | GEO

Comparison of gene expression in cardiac macrophages from P1 or P14 mice 3 days following MI

Project description:Myocardial infarction (MI) leads to cardiomyocyte death, which triggers an immune response that clears debris and restores tissue integrity. In the adult heart, the immune system facilitates scar formation, which repairs the damaged myocardium but compromises cardiac function. In neonatal mice, the heart can regenerate fully without scarring following MI; however, this regenerative capacity is lost by P7. The signals that govern neonatal heart regeneration are unknown. By comparing the immune response to MI in mice at P1 and P14, we identified differences in the magnitude and kinetics of monocyte and macrophage responses to injury. Using a cell-depletion model, we determined that heart regeneration and neoangiogenesis following MI depends on neonatal macrophages. Neonates depleted of macrophages were unable to regenerate myocardia and formed fibrotic scars, resulting in reduced cardiac function and angiogenesis. Immunophenotyping and gene expression profiling of cardiac macrophages from regenerating and nonregenerating hearts indicated that regenerative macrophages have a unique polarization phenotype and secrete numerous soluble factors that may facilitate the formation of new myocardium. Our findings suggest that macrophages provide necessary signals to drive angiogenesis and regeneration of the neonatal mouse heart. Modulating inflammation may provide a key therapeutic strategy to support heart regeneration. Total RNA was isolated from CD11b+Ly6G- cells sorted from hearts 3 days following ligation of LAD. 6 samples total: Triplicates of cells from P1 mice and from P14 mice

2014-01-31 | E-GEOD-54530 | biostudies-arrayexpress

X inactivation regulates lymphocyte induced cardiac remodeling

Project description:After menopause, women lose the protective effect of female hormones and experience increased risk of adverse cardiac remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI). This may be due in part to the deleterious effects of genes encoded on the X chromosome. On average, 15% of genes located on the X chromosome escape inactivation in women, resulting in over expression. We hypothesize that with age T-cells escape X-chromosome inactivation (XCI), thus exacerbating the inflammatory response and resulting in adverse post-MI remodeling in women. We will use 2 aims to delineate a mechanism defining age effects on XCI and how this in turn influences T-cell mediated post-MI remodeling. Aim 1 will test the hypothesis that older females have an increased number of T-cells that escape XCI and exacerbate monocyte recruitment and activation post-MI. Aim 2 will test the hypothesis that female mice with T-cells that have escaped XCI will have adverse remodeling and decreased post-MI survival. Our understanding of sex differences especially the influence of sex chromosomes during post-MI remodeling and development of heart failure is lacking. The information obtained from the proposed experiments will have direct implications for medical management of women post-MI.

2024-02-07 | GSE250336 | GEO

Evaluating the effects of cardiac telomerase re-activation after myocardial infarction in adult mice

Project description:Coronary heart disease is a main cause of death in the developed world and treatment success remains modest with high mortality rates within one year after myocardial infarction (MI). Thus, new therapeutic targets and effective treatments are necessary. Short telomeres are risk factors for age-associated diseases including heart disease. Here, we address the potential of telomerase (Tert) activation in prevention of heart failure after MI in adult mice. We use adeno-associated viruses for cardiac-specific Tert expression in a mouse model of MI. We find that upon MI, hearts expressing Tert show attenuated cardiac dilation, improved ventricular function and smaller infarct scars concomitant with increased mouse survival by 17% compared to controls. Furthermore, Tert treatment results in elongated telomeres, increased numbers of Ki67 and pH3-positive cardiomyocytes and a gene expression switch towards a regeneration signature of neonatal mice. Our work highlights telomerase activation as a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent heart failure after MI. Mice of one year of age were left untreated (control) or injected with 5*10^11 adeno associated viruses particles of serotype 9 (AAV9) that carry either en empty expression cassette or express telomerase under control of the CMV promoter. Virus injected mice then underwent myocardial infarction induced through permenant left anterior descending artery (LAD) ligation. Mice that survived for six weeks after LAD ligation were sacrificed and 4 hearts per group (AAV9-empty or AAV9-Tert) and 3 control hearts (no virus treatment, no ligation) were subjected to total RNA isolation for micro array analysis.

2014-12-15 | E-GEOD-62973 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Genome-wide analysis of gene expression in infarcted and non-infarcted left ventricle from NEIL3-deficient mice subjected to myocardial infarction

Project description:Myocardial infarction (MI) triggers a reparative response involving fibroblast proliferation and differentiation driving extracellular matrix modulation necessary to form a stabilizing scar. Recently, it was shown that a genetic variant of the base excision repair enzyme endonuclease VIII-like 3 (NEIL3) was associated with increased risk of MI in humans. Here, we report elevated myocardial NEIL3 expression in heart failure patients and marked myocardial upregulation of Neil3 following MI in mice, especially in a fibroblast-enriched cell fraction. Neil3-/- mice showed increased mortality after MI compared to WT, caused by myocardial rupture. Neil3-/- hearts displayed enrichment of mutations in genes involved in mitogenesis of fibroblasts and transcriptome analysis revealed dysregulated fibrosis. Correspondingly, proliferation of vimentin+ and aSMA+ (myo)fibroblasts was increased in Neil3-/- hearts following MI. We propose that NEIL3 operates in genomic regions crucial for regulation of cardiac fibroblast proliferation and thereby controls extracellular matrix modulation after MI.

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Whole genome epigenetic sequencing on DNA from infarcted non-infarcted left ventricle of WT and NEIL3-deficient mice subjected to myocardial infarction

Project description:Myocardial infarction (MI) triggers a reparative response involving fibroblast proliferation and differentiation driving extracellular matrix modulation necessary to form a stabilizing scar. Recently, it was shown that a genetic variant of the base excision repair enzyme endonuclease VIII-like 3 (NEIL3) was associated with increased risk of MI in humans. Here, we report elevated myocardial NEIL3 expression in heart failure patients and marked myocardial upregulation of Neil3 following MI in mice, especially in a fibroblast-enriched cell fraction. Neil3-/-mice showed increased mortality after MI compared to WT, caused by myocardial rupture. Epigenomic analysis suggested dysregulated myofibroblast proliferation and differentiation in Neil3-/-hearts and several differentially expressed genes were downstream targets of differentially methylated/hydroxymethylated transcriptional regulators. Furthermore, proliferation of Vimentin+ and SMA+ (myo)fibroblasts was increased in Neil3 -/-hearts following MI. We propose that NEIL3-dependent modulation of epigenetic DNA methylation regulates cardiac fibroblast proliferation and thereby controls extracellular matrix modulation after MI.

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