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Identifying STRN3-RARA as a new fusion gene for acute promyelocytic leukemia [RNA-seq 2]

ABSTRACT: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a distinct subtype of acute myeloid leukemia, that is generally driven by PML-RARA, resulting from a balanced chromosomal translocation t(15;17) (q24.1;q21.2). However, approximately 2% of APL patients carry other variants of RARA-fusions, which pose challenges for diagnosis and treatment. Here, we report a novel t(14;17) translocation in an APL patient that gave rise to a new fusion gene, STRN3-RARA. STRN3 forms a complex called the striatin-interacting phosphatase and kinase (STRIPAK), which couples kinases to protein phosphatase 2A and regulates their activities. Like other APL patients with RARA-variants, this patient quickly relapsed after the initial response to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) treatment. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that STRN3-RARA, in cooperating with UTX deficiency, which was mutated in the patient, drove APL formation in mice. Additionally, we found that STRN3-RARA cells were specifically susceptible to the TNFα pathway. Inhibition of this pathway by cepharanthine, an FDA-approved drug, effectively suppressed the growth of U937 cells with STRN3-RARA expression, as well as relapsed APL cells from the patient. Taken together, our study identified a new APL fusion gene, STRN3-RARA, and validated it as a functional APL driver, providing insight into the diagnosis and treatment of non-classic APL patients.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE239350 | GEO | 2024/04/23

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The origin of aberrant DNA methylation in cancer remains largely unknown. In this study, we elucidated the DNA methylome in primary Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) and the role of PML-RARa in establishing these patterns. APL patients showed increased genome-wide DNA methylation with higher variability than healthy CD34+ cells, promyelocytes and remission bone marrow. A core set of differentially methylated regions in APL was identified. Age at diagnosis, Sanz score and Flt3-mutation status characterized methylation subtypes. Transcription factor binding sites, e.g. c-myc binding sites were associated with low methylation. SUZ12 and REST binding sites identified in embryonic stem cells were, however, preferentially DNA hypermethylated in APL. Unexpectedly, PML-RARa binding sites were also protected from aberrant DNA methylation in APL. In line, myeloid cells from pre-leukemic PML-RARa knock-in mice did not show altered DNA methylation and expression of PML-RARa in hematopoietic progenitor cells prevented differentiation without affecting DNA methylation. ATRA treatment of APL blasts did also not result in DNA methylation changes. These results suggest that aberrant DNA methylation is associated with leukemia phenotype but not required for PML-RARa-mediated initiation of leukemogenesis. We used Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (RRBS) to determine the genome-wide methylation signature of 18 primary APL patient samples. We then compared the APL methylation signature with methylation patterns found in CD34+ progenitor cells (n=4), promyelocytes (n=4) and remission bone marrow samples (n=8). Differentially methylated regions found in all three comparisons (APL vs. all three control specimens) were then further analyzed for genomic localization, variability and association with clinical parameters. Finally, the relationship between differentially methylated regions in APL and specific transcription factor binding sites was analyzed. For this purpose, ChiP-Sequencing of SUZ12 and REST was performed in primary APL patient blasts. To further determine the contribution of the leukemogenic transcription factor PML-RARa to methylation in APL, we also performed RRBS in pre-leukemic PML-RARa knock-in mice and hematopoetic progenitor cells retrovirally transduced with PML-RARa.

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Identifying STRN3-RARA as a new fusion gene for acute promyelocytic leukemia [RNA-seq 2]

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