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Spatial Co-transcriptomics Reveals Discrete Stages of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis I

ABSTRACT: The symbiotic interaction of plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi) is ancient and widespread. Plants provide AM fungi with carbon in exchange for nutrients and water, making this interaction a prime target for crop improvement. However, plant-fungal interactions are restricted to a small subset of root cells, precluding the application of most conventional functional genomic techniques to study the molecular bases of these interactions. Here we used single-nucleus and spatial RNA sequencing to explore both M. truncatula and R. irregularis transcriptomes in AM symbiosis at cellular and spatial resolution. Integrated spatially-registered single-cell maps of interacting cells revealed major infected and uninfected plant root cell types. We observed that cortical cells exhibit distinct transcriptome profiles during different stages of colonization by AM fungi, indicating dynamic interplay between both organisms during establishment of the cellular interface enabling successful symbiosis. Our study provides insight into a symbiotic relationship of major agricultural and environmental importance and demonstrates a paradigm combining single-cell and spatial transcriptomics for the analysis of complex organismal interactions.

ORGANISM(S): Medicago truncatula

PROVIDER: GSE240098 | GEO | 2023/08/11

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Spatial Co-transcriptomics Reveals Discrete Stages of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis II

Project description:The symbiotic interaction of plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi) is ancient and widespread. Plants provide AM fungi with carbon in exchange for nutrients and water, making this interaction a prime target for crop improvement. However, plant-fungal interactions are restricted to a small subset of root cells, precluding the application of most conventional functional genomic techniques to study the molecular bases of these interactions. Here we used single-nucleus and spatial RNA sequencing to explore both M. truncatula and R. irregularis transcriptomes in AM symbiosis at cellular and spatial resolution. Integrated spatially-registered single-cell maps of interacting cells revealed major infected and uninfected plant root cell types. We observed that cortical cells exhibit distinct transcriptome profiles during different stages of colonization by AM fungi, indicating dynamic interplay between both organisms during establishment of the cellular interface enabling successful symbiosis. Our study provides insight into a symbiotic relationship of major agricultural and environmental importance and demonstrates a paradigm combining single-cell and spatial transcriptomics for the analysis of complex organismal interactions.

2023-08-11 | GSE240102 | GEO

affy_med_2011_09-Analysis of Medicago truncatula root transcriptome in response to mycorrhization by Glomus intraradices under phosphate and nitrogen limitation

Project description:affy_med_2011_09: In natural ecosystems most vascular plants develop symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi which help them acquire nutrients such as phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). P has long been known to control AM symbiosis which takes place only when P is limiting. For N, however, its role in controlling mycorrhization is less clear. We have chosen the model plant Medicago truncatula to analyze the impact of P limitation and both P and N limitation on Medicago root transcriptome in response to the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis (formerly Glomus intraradices (BEG141)). These analyses may help us uncover signaling events involved in the interaction between these symbionts as well as genes encoding transporters potentially important for nutrient exchanges in these conditions. --We will compare the root transcriptome of Medicago truncatula plants inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis to that of non-inoculated plants grown under P limitation (or both P and N limitation) after 4 weeks of culture 12 arrays - Medicago; wt vs mutant comparison

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Transcriptional responses to arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis development are conserved in the liverwort Marchantia paleacea

Project description:The mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis arose in land plants more than 450 million years ago. This symbiosis is still widely found across major land plant lineages, including bryophytes. Despite its broad taxonomic distribution, little is known about the molecular components underpinning symbiosis outside of flowering plants. Here, we demonstrate that a broad AM genetic programme is conserved amongst land plants. In this study, we characterised the dynamic response of the liverwort Marchantia paleacea to Rhizophagus irregularis colonization by time-resolved transcriptomics across three stages of symbiosis. Comparative analysis of transcriptional responses to symbiosis in the liverwort M. paleacea and the legume Medicago truncatula further revealed evolutionarily conserved expression patterns for genes underpinning pre-symbiotic signalling, intracellular colonization and nutrient exchange. This study demonstrates that the genetic machinery regulating key aspects of symbiosis in plant hosts is largely conserved and coregulated across land plants.

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Gene expression data from Sh-Mt-Gi vs Mt shoot tissues

Project description:Most vascular flowering plants have the ability to form mutualistic associations with soil fungi from the Glomeromycota. The resulting symbiosis is called an arbuscular mycorrhiza and they are widespread in terrestrial ecosystems throughout the world. Although the physical interaction between the symbionts occurs in the root cortex, the symbiosis impacts the physiology of the whole plant. To gain a better understanding of the AM symbiosis, we have used the 16000 feature array to examine gene expression in the leaves of mycorrhizal plants to explore the transcriptional changes that are triggered systemically as a result of the AM symbiosis. Keywords: Medicago truncatula, Mycorrhizal, systemic regulation, microarray profiling

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Transcriptome analysis of the symbiotic response of Arabidopsis at different temperatures.

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Transcriptome during autoregulation of mycorrhization in soybean

Project description:The autoregulation of mycorrhization (AOM) describes a plant regulatory mechanism that limits the number of infection events by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The key signal mediator is a receptor kinase (GmNARK) that acts in the shoots. Early signals of the mycorrhizal symbiosis induce a root-derived signal that activates GmNARK in the shoot finally leading to a systemic repression of subsequent infections in the root. So far, less is known about the signals down-stream of GmNARK. To find genes regulated by GmNARK in a mycorrhiza-dependent as well as in a mycorrhiza-independent manner, we used the Affymetrix GeneChip for soybean. In general, mycorrhizal root systems consist of both colonized and non-colonized, but autoregulated roots. To physically separate those two root types for transcript analysis of specifically regulated genes, we used the split-root system. Transcript profiling during AOM was done with material of Bragg wild-type and of the nark mutant nts1007, either non-inoculated or partially inoculated with the mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis (formerly Glomus intraradices). Wild-type and nark mutants were inoculated with R. irregularis on one half of the root-systems (root-parts "A") only. The remaining half of the root-systems stayed non-infected (root-parts "B"). Corresponding controls stayed completely non-infected. Gene expression was analyzed in inoculated root-parts, non-inoculated root-parts and shoots of three individual plants per treatment. ****[PLEXdb(http://www.plexdb.org) has submitted this series at GEO on behalf of the original contributor, Sara Schaarschmidt. The equivalent experiment is GM53 at PLEXdb.]

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