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Simultaneous single-cell three-dimensional genome and gene expression profiling Uncovers Dynamic Enhancer Connectivity Underlying Olfactory Receptor Choice [cell line, single-cell RNA-Seq & Hi-C]

ABSTRACT: The simultaneous measurement of three-dimensional (3D) genome structure and gene expression of individual cells is critical for understanding our genome’s structure–function relation, yet is extremely challenging for existing methods. Here we present Linking mRNA to Chromatin Architecture (LiMCA), which jointly profiles 3D genome and transcriptome with exceptional sensitivity and from low-input materials. Combining LiMCA and our high-resolution scATAC-seq assay, METATAC, we profiled the developing mouse olfactory epithelium and reported the first chromatin accessibility profiles and the first paired 3D genome structures and gene expression information of single neurons. We greatly expanded the repertoire of known OR enhancers, and discovered unexpected rules of their dynamics: ORs and their enhancers are most accessible during early differentiation, and the active OR typically does not associate with the largest enhancer hub. These findings offer valuable insights into how 3D connectivity of ORs and enhancers dynamically orchestrate the “one neuron–one receptor” selection process.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE240114 | GEO | 2024/01/15

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Simultaneous single-cell three-dimensional genome and gene expression profiling Uncovers Dynamic Enhancer Connectivity Underlying Olfactory Receptor Choice [olfactory, single-cell RNA & Hi-C]

Project description:The simultaneous measurement of three-dimensional (3D) genome structure and gene expression of individual cells is critical for understanding our genome’s structure–function relation, yet is extremely challenging for existing methods. Here we present Linking mRNA to Chromatin Architecture (LiMCA), which jointly profiles 3D genome and transcriptome with exceptional sensitivity and from low-input materials. Combining LiMCA and our high-resolution scATAC-seq assay, METATAC, we profiled the developing mouse olfactory epithelium and reported the first chromatin accessibility profiles and the first paired 3D genome structures and gene expression information of single neurons. We greatly expanded the repertoire of known OR enhancers, and discovered unexpected rules of their dynamics: ORs and their enhancers are most accessible during early differentiation, and the active OR typically does not associate with the largest enhancer hub. These findings offer valuable insights into how 3D connectivity of ORs and enhancers dynamically orchestrate the “one neuron–one receptor” selection process.

2024-01-15 | GSE239969 | GEO

Simultaneous single-cell three-dimensional genome and gene expression profiling Uncovers Dynamic Enhancer Connectivity Underlying Olfactory Receptor Choice [scATAC-Seq, scRNA-seq]

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RNA-Chromatin Interactome Reveals Enhancer-Promoter Connectivity in 3D Genome

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Olfactory receptor accessory proteins play crucial roles in receptor gene choice

Project description:Mice with olfactry accessory protein RTP1 and RTP2 knocked out show severe bias in their olfactory receptor repertoire. Surprisingly, even though RTP1,2(-/-) animals have fewer OSNs, we discovered ~8% of the ORs are expressed in larger numbers than the wild type.

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Global Reorganization of Chromatin Architecture during Embronic Stem Cell Differentiation

Project description:The 3D organization of the genome is important for regulation of diverse nuclear processes ranging from transcription to DNA replication. Knowledge of the higher order chromatin structure is critical for understanding mechanisms of gene regulation by long-range control elements such as enhancers and insulators. We describe high resolution, genome-wide dynamic chromatin interaction maps in human embryonic stem cells (hESC) as they differentiate into four distinct embryonic cell lineages. Extensive reorganization of higher-order chromatin structure occurs during hESC differentiation. In this process, topological domains remain largely intact but inter-domain association patterns change dramatically, coincident with widespread changes in chromatin state and gene expression. Moreover, using proximity ligation sequencing to generate chromosome span haplotypes, widespread allele biased gene activities are detected. The allelic gene expression patterns can be correlated to epigenetic state at distal enhancers, supporting the role of these elements in regulating gene expression over a distance. Two biological replicates of Hi-C experiment and one replicate of CTCF ChIP-Seq experiment in embryonic stem cells and 4 other differentiated cell-types from H1 cell line. Re-analysis of data from GSE16256 in an allele specific manner is linked as supplementary data.

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Project description:Three-dimensional genome structure is central to gene control, but current technologies are often impractical for many biological questions due to cell and read number requirements. Here we present HiChIP, a protein-centric chromatin conformation method. HiChIP improves the fraction of conformation-informative reads by over 10-fold and lowers input requirement greater than 100-fold to 1 million cells. HiChIP of cohesin reveals multi-scale genome architecture with greater signal to noise than in situ Hi-C. Thus, HiChIP will enable insight into the genome’s three-dimensional structure and regulation in once-inaccessible biological systems.

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