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Simultaneous single-cell three-dimensional genome and gene expression profiling Uncovers Dynamic Enhancer Connectivity Underlying Olfactory Receptor Choice [cell line, single-cell RNA-Seq & Hi-C]

ABSTRACT: The simultaneous measurement of three-dimensional (3D) genome structure and gene expression of individual cells is critical for understanding our genome’s structure–function relation, yet is extremely challenging for existing methods. Here we present Linking mRNA to Chromatin Architecture (LiMCA), which jointly profiles 3D genome and transcriptome with exceptional sensitivity and from low-input materials. Combining LiMCA and our high-resolution scATAC-seq assay, METATAC, we profiled the developing mouse olfactory epithelium and reported the first chromatin accessibility profiles and the first paired 3D genome structures and gene expression information of single neurons. We greatly expanded the repertoire of known OR enhancers, and discovered unexpected rules of their dynamics: ORs and their enhancers are most accessible during early differentiation, and the active OR typically does not associate with the largest enhancer hub. These findings offer valuable insights into how 3D connectivity of ORs and enhancers dynamically orchestrate the “one neuron–one receptor” selection process.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE240114 | GEO | 2024/01/15

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Simultaneous single-cell three-dimensional genome and gene expression profiling Uncovers Dynamic Enhancer Connectivity Underlying Olfactory Receptor Choice [olfactory, single-cell RNA & Hi-C]

Project description:The simultaneous measurement of three-dimensional (3D) genome structure and gene expression of individual cells is critical for understanding our genome’s structure–function relation, yet is extremely challenging for existing methods. Here we present Linking mRNA to Chromatin Architecture (LiMCA), which jointly profiles 3D genome and transcriptome with exceptional sensitivity and from low-input materials. Combining LiMCA and our high-resolution scATAC-seq assay, METATAC, we profiled the developing mouse olfactory epithelium and reported the first chromatin accessibility profiles and the first paired 3D genome structures and gene expression information of single neurons. We greatly expanded the repertoire of known OR enhancers, and discovered unexpected rules of their dynamics: ORs and their enhancers are most accessible during early differentiation, and the active OR typically does not associate with the largest enhancer hub. These findings offer valuable insights into how 3D connectivity of ORs and enhancers dynamically orchestrate the “one neuron–one receptor” selection process.

2024-01-15 | GSE239969 | GEO

Simultaneous single-cell three-dimensional genome and gene expression profiling Uncovers Dynamic Enhancer Connectivity Underlying Olfactory Receptor Choice [scATAC-Seq, scRNA-seq]

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RNA-Chromatin Interactome Reveals Enhancer-Promoter Connectivity in 3D Genome

Project description:High eukaryotic genomes are populated with enhancers, but it has been a major challenge in defining specific enhancer-promoter relationship. Enhancers can also be divided into typical and super-enhancers, yet their functional distinctions remain to be understood. Here, we report a strategy to capture in situ Global RNA Interactions with DNA by deep sequencing (GRID-seq). By deducing general RNA background on chromatin, we unexpectedly detect a highly selective set of RNAs (including both lncRNAs and protein-coding pre-mRNAs) decorated on enhancers, particularly super-enhancers. Based on the origins of those RNAs and functional perturbation of enhancer activities, we are able to infer global enhancer-promoter connectivity, which is significantly beyond the traditional framework. These findings provide a functional RNA-chromatin interactome in 3D genome.

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Olfactory receptor accessory proteins play crucial roles in receptor gene choice

Project description:Mice with olfactry accessory protein RTP1 and RTP2 knocked out show severe bias in their olfactory receptor repertoire. Surprisingly, even though RTP1,2(-/-) animals have fewer OSNs, we discovered ~8% of the ORs are expressed in larger numbers than the wild type.

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3D genome organization during TGFB-induced transcription requires nuclear microRNA and G-quadruplexes

Project description:Studying the dynamics of three-dimensional (3D) chromatin structure is essential to the understanding of biological processes in the nucleus. Integrative analysis of multi-omics data in recent publications have provided comprehensive and multilevel insight into 3D genome organization emphasizing its role for transcriptional regulation. While enhancers are regulatory elements that play a central role in the spatiotemporal control of gene expression, chromatin looping has been broadly accepted as a means for enhancer-promoter interactions yieldingcell-type-specific gene expression signatures. On the other hand, G-quadruplexes (G4s) are non-canonical DNA secondary structures that are enriched at promoters and related to increased gene expression, both. A role for G4s in promoter-distal regulatory elements, such as super-enhancers (SE), as well as in 3D genome organization and chromatin looping mediating long-range enhancer-promoter interactions has, however, remained elusive. Here we show that mature microRNA 9 (miR-9) is enriched at promoters and SE of genes that are inducible by tissue growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1) signaling. Further, we find that nuclear miR-9 is required for chromatin features related to increased transcriptional activity, such as broad domains of the euchromatin histone mark H3K4me3 (histone 3 tri-methylated lysine 4) and G4s. Moreover, we show that nuclear miR-9 is required for promoter-super-enhancer looping. Our study places a nuclear microRNA in the same structural and functional context with G4s and promoter-enhancer interactions during 3D genome organization and transcriptional activation induced by TGFB1 signaling, a critical regulator of proliferation programs in cancer and fibrosis.

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Project description:Hair follicle growth inhibitory effect of dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-treated two-dimensional (2D)- and 3D-cultured DPCs were evaluated. 2D- and 3D-cultured DPC proliferation was inhibited after co-culturing with outer root sheath (ORS) cells under DHT treatment. Moreover, gene expression levels of β‐catenin and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) were significantly decreased and those of cleaved caspase-3 significantly increased in 2D- and 3D-cultured DPCs with increasing DHT concentrations. ORS cell proliferation also significantly increased after co-culturing in the control-3D model compared with the control-2D model. ki67 downregulation and cleaved caspase-3 upregulation in DHT-2D and 3D groups significantly inhibited ORS cell proliferation. Sequencing showed an increase in the expression of genes related to extracellular matrix synthesis in the 3D model group. Additionally, the top 10 hub genes were identified, and the expression of nine chemokine-related genes in DHT-treated DPCs was found significantly increased. We also identified the interactions between transcription factor (TF)–genes and microRNAs with hub genes and the TF–microRNA coregulatory network. Overall, the findings indicate that 3D-cultured DPCs are more representative of in vivo conditions than are 2D-cultured DPCs, and contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying androgen-induced alopecia.

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Live-cell 3D single-molecule tracking reveals how NuRD modulates enhancer dynamics

Project description:Enhancer-promoter dynamics are crucial for the spatiotemporal control of gene expression, but it remains unclear whether these dynamics are controlled by chromatin regulators, such as the nucleosome remodelling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex. The NuRD complex binds to all active enhancers to modulate transcription and here we use Hi-C experiments to show that it blurs TAD boundaries and increases the proximity of intermediate-range (~1 Mb) genomic sequences and enhancer-promoter interactions. To understand whether NuRD alters the dynamics of 3D genome structure, we developed an approach to segment and extract key biophysical parameters from 3D single-molecule trajectories of the NuRD complex determined using live-cell imaging. Unexpectedly, this revealed that the intact NuRD complex decompacts chromatin structure and makes NuRD-bound enhancers move faster, increasing the overall volume of the nucleus that these key regulatory regions explore. Interestingly, we also uncovered a rare fast-diffusing state of NuRD bound enhancers that exhibits directed motion. The NuRD complex reduces the amount of time that enhancers remain in this fast-diffusing state, which we propose might otherwise re-organise enhancer-promoter proximity.

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scNanoHi-C: a single-cell long-read concatemer sequencing method to reveal high-order structures within individual cells

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