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SwrA extends DegU over an UP element to activate flagellar gene expression in Bacillus subtilis

ABSTRACT: SwrA activates flagellar gene expression in Bacillus subtilis to increase the frequency of motile cells in liquid and further increase flagellar density to swarm over solid surfaces. Here we perform ChIP-seq and demonstrate that SwrA interacts with many sites on the chromosome indirectly through the response regulator DegU. We identify a DegU-specific inverted repeat and show that SwrA increased DegU DNA binding affinity in parallel to phosphorylation. Moreover, we show that SwrA increased the size of the DegU footprint expanding the region of protection towards the promoter. The remote location of the DegU inverted repeat was critical such that relocating the binding site by full turns of DNA impaired activation by SwrA/DegU and moving the binding site closer to the promoter severely impaired transcription. We conclude that SwrA/DegU forms a heteromeric complex that enables both remote binding and activator-RNA polymerase interaction in the context of an interceding UP element. We speculate that multimeric activators that resolve similar cis-element spatial conflicts are common in bacteria such as the diverse master activators of flagellar biosynthesis and those that activate long operons of other multi-subunit complexes.

ORGANISM(S): Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis NCIB 3610 = ATCC 6051 = DSM 10

PROVIDER: GSE240266 | GEO | 2023/08/15

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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