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MYC dependency in GLS1 and NAMPT is a therapeutic vulnerability in multiple myeloma

ABSTRACT: Multiple myeloma is an incurable hematological malignancy evolving from precursor states to advanced phases of the disease. MYC abnormalities play a critical role in the disease progression. Nevertheless, MYC lacks therapeutic drugability, thereby necessitating the exploration of alternative strategies aimed at circumventing the challenges associated with targeting MYC. In this study, we hypothesized that MYC upregulation induces genomic dependencies in tumor cells, creating vulnerabilities that can be exploited therapeutically. We discovered a differential dependency on glutamine metabolism in MYC overexpressing cells. We functionally explored these dependencies as a selective targetable vulnerability in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we uncovered a potential synergistic combinations that can exacerbated this metabolic vulnerability, Collectively, our in vitro and in vivo results revealed an effective therapeutic combinatory strategy in the context of MYC overexpressing MM.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE241948 | GEO | 2023/09/04

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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MYC dependency in GLS1 and NAMPT is a therapeutic vulnerability in multiple myeloma

Project description:Multiple myeloma is an incurable hematological malignancy evolving from precursor states to advanced phases of the disease. MYC abnormalities play a critical role in the disease progression. Nevertheless, MYC lacks therapeutic drugability, thereby necessitating the exploration of alternative strategies aimed at circumventing the challenges associated with targeting MYC. In this study, we hypothesized that MYC upregulation induces genomic dependencies in tumor cells, creating vulnerabilities that can be exploited therapeutically. We discovered a differential dependency on glutamine metabolism in MYC overexpressing cells. We functionally explored these dependencies as a selective targetable vulnerability in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we uncovered a potential synergistic combination that can exacerbated this metabolic vulnerability, Collectively, our in vitro and in vivo results revealed an effective therapeutic combinatory strategy in the context of MYC overexpressing MM.

2024-04-09 | PXD050010 | Pride

Oncogenic MYC induces a dependency on the spliceosome in human cancer

Project description:c-MYC (MYC) overexpression or hyperactivation is one of the most common drivers of human cancer. Despite intensive study, the MYC oncogene remains recalcitrant to therapeutic inhibition. Like other classic oncogenes, hyperactivation of MYC leads to collateral stresses onto cancer cells, suggesting that tumors harbor unique vulnerabilities arising from oncogenic activation of MYC. Herein, we discover the spliceosome as a new target of oncogenic stress in MYC-driven cancers. We identify BUD31 as a MYC-synthetic lethal gene, and demonstrate that BUD31 is a splicing factor required for the assembly and catalytic activity of the spliceosome. Core spliceosomal factors (SF3B1, U2AF1, and others) associate with BUD31 and are also required to tolerate oncogenic MYC. Notably, MYC hyperactivation induces an increase in total pre-mRNA synthesis, suggesting an increased burden on the core spliceosome to process pre-mRNA. In contrast to normal cells, partial inhibition of the spliceosome in MYC-hyperactivated cells leads to global intron retention, widespread defects in pre-mRNA maturation, and deregulation of many essential cell processes. Importantly, genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of the spliceosome in vivo impairs survival, tumorigenicity, and metastatic proclivity of MYC-dependent breast cancers. Collectively, these data suggest that oncogenic MYC confers a collateral stress on splicing and that components of the spliceosome may be therapeutic entry points for aggressive MYC-driven cancers. Examination of intron rentention in MYC-ER HMECs, in 4 conditions

2015-09-03 | E-GEOD-66182 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Oncogenic MYC induces a dependency on the spliceosome in human cancer

2015-09-03 | GSE66182 | GEO

Expression data of tigecycline-treated liver cancer cells

Project description:Treatment of advanced liver cancer still faces great challenges. Identification of tumor dependencies is important for developing novel therapeutic strategies for liver cancer. Here, we identified mitochondrial translation as a major vulnerability of liver cancer by genome-wide CRISPR screen. Targeting mitochondrial translation by tigecycline showed therapeutic potential in liver cancer. While some liver cancer cells were extremely insensitive to tigecycline.Thus,RNA sequencing was performed to explore mechanisms.

2022-04-26 | GSE199842 | GEO

LC-MS/MS analyses of human PDAC cell lines after treatment with a new SUMO inhibitor

Project description:Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) still carries a dismal prognosis with overall five-year survival of 8%. Conventional combination chemotherapies are a clear advance in the treatment of PDAC, however subtypes of the disease exist, which exhibit extensive resistance to such therapies. Genomic MYC amplifications represent a distinct subset of PDAC with an aggressive tumor biology. It is clear that hyperactivation of MYC generates dependencies that can be exploited therapeutically. To find MYC-associated dependencies we analyzed human PDAC expression datasets. We observed that MYC is connected to the SUMOylation machinery in PDAC. Components of the SUMO pathway mark a PDAC subtype with worse prognosis and we provide evidence that hyperactivation of MYC is connected to an increased sensitivity to a novel SUMO inhibitor with a potential for further clinical development.

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The OTUD6B-LIN28B-MYC axis determines cell cycle progression in multiple myeloma

Project description:Deubiquitylases (DUBs) remove ubiquitin from proteins. In the context of cancer, their inhibition can induce the degradation of oncoproteins, that may otherwise be “undruggable”. Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy with poor outcome and high sensitivity towards ubiquitin-proteasome-system (UPS) inhibitory therapies. However, the role of DUBs in MM pathophysiology and therapy has remained elusive. Starting from genetic screening for DUB dependencies in MM, we here identify OTUD6B as a central vulnerability in MM that drives the G1/S cell cycle transition by means of deubiquitylating and stabilizing LIN28B subsequent to LIN28B phosphorylation. LIN28B regulates miRNA biogenesis and exerts high expression in embryonic stem cells that becomes re-established in certain tumors, including MM. Binding of LIN28B at G1/S activates OTUD6B, which otherwise remains in a catalytically inactive state. As a consequence, stabilized LIN28B drives MYC expression via inhibition of let7 microRNAs, which in turn allows for a rapid transition of MM cells from G1 to S phase. Analyses of primary MM patient samples reveal a positive correlation of OTUDB6B expression with poor outcome, high MYC expression and MYC target gene induction, suggesting that high MYC levels in MM result from an activation of the OTUD6B-LIN28B nexus. Together, we here specify phosphorylation and cell cycle-dependent substrate binding as a means by which OTUD6B becomes activated to drive the G1/S transition via the LIN28B-MYC axis and nominate OTUD6B and LIN28B as actionable vulnerabilities in MM.

2022-10-12 | PXD027480 | Pride

The SAGA acetyltransferase module is required for the maintenance of MAF and MYC oncogenic gene expression programs in multiple myeloma [CUT&RUN]

Project description:Despite recent advances in therapeutic treatments, multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable malignancy. Epigenetic factors contribute to the initiation, progression, relapse, and clonal heterogeneity in MM, but our knowledge on epigenetic mechanisms underlying MM development is far from complete. The SAGA complex serves as a coactivator in transcription and catalyzes acetylation and deubiquitylation. Analyses of datasets in the Cancer Dependency Map Project revealed many SAGA components are selective dependencies in MM. To define SAGA-specific functions, we focused on ADA2B, the only subunit in the lysine acetyltransferase (KAT) module that specifically functions in SAGA. Integration of RNA-seq, ATAC-seq, and CUT&RUN results identified pathways directly regulated by ADA2B include MTORC1 signaling, MYC, E2F, and MM-specific MAF oncogenic programs. We discovered that ADA2B is recruited to MAF and MYC gene targets, and that MAF shares a majority of its targets with MYC in MM cells. Furthermore, we found the SANT domain of ADA2B is required for interaction with both GCN5 and PCAF acetyltransferases, incorporation into SAGA, and ADA2B protein stability. Our findings uncover previously unknown SAGA KAT module-dependent mechanisms controlling MM cell growth, revealing a vulnerability that might be exploited for future development of MM therapy.

2024-08-01 | GSE262886 | GEO

The SAGA acetyltransferase module is required for the maintenance of MAF and MYC oncogenic gene expression programs in multiple myeloma [ATAC-seq]

2024-08-01 | GSE262885 | GEO

The SAGA acetyltransferase module is required for the maintenance of MAF and MYC oncogenic gene expression programs in multiple myeloma [RNA-seq]

2024-08-01 | GSE262887 | GEO

Targeting MYC dependency in ovarian cancer through inhibition of CDK7 and CDK12/13

Project description:High-grade serous ovarian cancer is characterized by extensive copy number alterations, among which the amplification of MYC oncogene occurs in nearly half of tumors. We demonstrate that ovarian cancer cells highly depend on MYC for maintaining their oncogenic growth, indicating MYC as a therapeutic target for this difficult-to-treat malignancy. However, targeting MYC directly has proven difficult. We screen small molecules targeting transcriptional and epigenetic regulation, and find that THZ1 –a chemical inhibiting CDK7, CDK12, and CDK13–markedly downregulates MYC. Notably, abolishing MYC expression cannot be achieved by targeting CDK7 alone, but require the combined inhibition of CDK7, CDK12, and CDK13. In all 11 independent patient derived xenografts models derived from heavily pre-treated ovarian cancer patients, administration of THZ1 induces significant tumor growth inhibition with concurrent abrogation of MYC expression. Our study indicates that targeting these transcriptional CDKs with agents such as THZ1 may be an effective approach for MYC-dependent ovarian malignancies.

2018-06-27 | GSE116282 | GEO

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