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Intrahepatic immune microenvironment contributes to spontaneous tolerance in pediatric liver transplantation recipients

ABSTRACT: We carried out a cross-sectional study using clinical data and biospecimens to analyze factors that were associated with immune tolerance after pediatric liver transplantation. Multivariable analysis revealed that peripheral Treg ratio (OR=2.48 (1.55-19.8), p=0.032) and maximum blood EBV-DNA copy (OR=5.53 (1.08-5.67), p=0.008) were associated with the development of tolerance during follow-up, while serum IGM titer (OR=0.73 (0.53-0.99), p=0.046) had a negative relation with tolerance. Histological evaluation indicated no difference on hepatocyte damage, portal inflammation and fibrosis stage between tolerant and non-tolerant recipients. Meanwhile, no deterioration of hepatic pathology was found in recipients with longer follow-up time. Further allograft biopsy transcriptome analysis exhibited distinguished intrahepatic expression patterns between tolerant and non-tolerant recipients. Tolerant allografts were characterized by low expression of cytotoxic and inflammatory genes (like NDUFAF2, MAN1A2, PLEK2, NUDFB4 and FCER1G) and high levels of immune regulatory ones (like SCRIB, MAPK8IP3, TSC2, CHRNA4 and D2HGDH). Especially, immunohistology staining confirmed the upregulated expression of CD39 (ENTPD1) and CD73 (NT5E) in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatocytes from tolerant allograft, which was associated with increased CD4+ Treg ratio in portal areas.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE242205 | GEO | 2024/05/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Immune responses induced by ongoing and/or past infections prevent the establishment of transplantation tolerance in experimental animal models. How host-pathogen interactions influence allograft tolerance in humans has not been investigated before. The spontaneous development of operational tolerance in liver transplant recipients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection constitutes a unique setting to address this question. We conducted a clinical trial of immunosuppression withdrawal in stable HCV-infected liver recipients to elucidate: i) the mechanisms through which allograft tolerance is established in the presence of an ongoing inflammatory response; and ii) how is influenced by anti-HCV heterologous immune responses. Enrolled patients gradually discontinued their immunosuppressive drugs over 6-9 months, and those who maintained normal allograft status 12 months after drug withdrawal were considered operationally tolerant. Successful drug withdrawal was associated with intra-hepatic over-expression of type I interferon and immune-regulatory genes, and correlated with an expansion of exhausted PD1/CTLA4/2B4-positive HCV-specific circulating CD8+ T cells. These findings were already present before immunosuppression was discontinued and were specific for HCV infection. In contrast, the magnitude of HCV-induced inflammatory gene expression and the scope of anti-HCV effector T cell responses did not influence drug withdrawal outcome. Our data indicate that in humans persistent viral infections do not necessarily preclude the development of transplantation tolerance. At least in HCV-infected liver allografts, mechanisms associated with the capacity of the virus to evade adaptive immunity could contribute to the restraining of alloimmune responses and the establishment of transplantation tolerance. Transcriptomic study from the following liver tissue samples: 12 tolerant before immunosuppression (IS), 13 non-tolerant before IS, 4 from non-tolerant at the time of rejection, 13 from tolerant patients 12 months after IS discontinuation. Additionally, 8 liver tissue samples obtained from healthy living liver donors undergoing partial hepatectomy were included as non-transplanted controls.

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Intrahepatic immune microenvironment contributes to spontaneous tolerance in pediatric liver transplantation recipients

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