Single-cell profiling of acral melanoma infiltrating lymphocytes reveals a suppressive tumor microenvironment
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE242477 | GEO | 2023/09/06
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:The immune system can recognize and respond to tumors. However there are some conditions in which the genetic instability and heterogeneity of tumor cells leads to the development of variants that can escape the immune system. T cells have infiltrated inside many tumors (Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes or TILs), but generally these TILs have lost their functional capacity and are unable to eliminate tumor cells. We developed a model of autochthonous melanoma in mice that recapitulates some aspects of inflammatory melanoma in humans. These include a systemic Th2/Th17-oriented chronic inflammation, recruitment of immunosuppressive myeloid cells and acquisition by TILs of an M-bM-^@M-^\exhaustedM-bM-^@M-^] phenotype characterized by expression of receptors for multiple inhibitory molecules. To address the molecular bases for the M-bM-^@M-^\exhaustedM-bM-^@M-^] TILs phenotype, we performed transcriptomic analyses on sorted CD8 or T cells from the induced melanomas. These transcriptomes were compared to those of naM-CM-/ve CD8 T cells and of CD8 T cells immunized with a virus. 10 samples, 3 replicates for controls (untreated and infected with AdP1A), 4 replicates for TILs CD8 from melanoma
2013-12-31 | E-GEOD-42824 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer, causing about 75% of dermatological cancer deaths. Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is the most common subtype of melanoma in admixed Latin American populations, but very few tumour genomes and exomes, all from European-descent individuals, have been analysed across several studies. Because of this, the genomic landscape of ALM is mostly unknown. Our aim in this project is to define this landscape and identify driver somatic alterations by whole-exome sequencing a collection of ALM germline/tumour paired FFPE samples from the National Cancer Institute of Mexico.
| EGAS00001003740 | EGA
Project description:Tumor-reactive CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) represent a subtype of T cells that could recognize and destroy tumor specifically. Understanding the regulatory mechanism of tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells has important therapeutic implications. Yet the DNA methylation status of this T cell subtype has not been elucidated. In this study, we segregated tumor-reactive and bystander CD8+ TILs, as well as naïve and effector memory CD8+ T cell subtypes as controls from colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, to compare their transcriptome and methylome characteristics. Transcriptome profiling confirmed previous conclusion that tumor-reactive TILs have an exhausted tissue-resident memory signature. Whole-genome methylation profiling identified a distinct methylome pattern of tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells, with tumor-reactive markers (CD39 and CD103) being specifically demethylated. In addition, dynamic changes were observed during the transition of naïve T cells into tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells. Transcription factor (TF) binding motif enrichment analysis identified several immune-related TFs, including three exhaustion-related genes (NR4A1, BATF and EGR2) and VDR, that potentially play important regulatory role in tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells. Our study supports the involvement of DNA methylation in shaping tumor-reactive and bystander CD8+ TILs, and provides a valuable resource for the development of novel DNA methylation markers and future therapeutics.
2019-12-12 | GSE141878 | GEO
Project description:The interaction of neoplastic cells with their tumor microenvironment (TME) is required for cancer progression. However, in vitro cancer models, including recent in vitro 3-dimensional (3D) organoid cultures of primary human tumors, are typically comprised exclusively of neoplastic epithelium, with stromal and/or immune interactions requiring artificial reconstitution. As relevant to cancer immunotherapy, the unified co-culture of primary tumor epithelia with their endogenous, syngeneic tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) as a cohesive unit has remained particularly elusive. Here, we used a single 3D air-liquid interface (ALI) methodology to successfully propagate 3D Patient-Derived Tumor Organoids (PDOs) as primary tumor epithelia together with native immune and myofibroblast stromal compartments without reconstitution. Derived from >100 diverse human surgically resected tumor samples or from murine tumors in syngeneic immunocompetent mice, PDOs preserved cancer histologic subtypes and mutational spectrum with endogenous T, B, NK cells and macrophages integrally embedded amidst the tumor epithelium. PDO-based TILs accurately recapitulated the T cell receptor (TCR) spectrum of the original tumors, as determined by a robust droplet-based immune profiling solution that links gene expression and immune repertoire in single cells. Anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 treatment of organoids from murine tumors from syngeneic immunocompetent hosts induced activation and cytolytic activity of tumor antigen-specific TILs, indicating successful PDO modeling of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and anti-tumor immunity. Crucially, the anti-PD-1 antibody nivolumab activated TILs in PDOs from human lung, renal and melanoma clinical tumor resections. The organoid-based propagation of primary tumor epithelium en bloc with its endogenous immune stroma should facilitate mechanistic investigation of TME-specific local tumor immunity, with applications for functional testing of individualized patient immunotherapy responses.
2018-12-13 | GSE111360 | GEO
Project description:Glioblastoma is an aggressive brain malignancy with a dismal prognosis. With emerging evidence that disproves the immune privileged environment in the brain, there is much interest in examining various immunotherapy strategies to treat these incurable cancers. Unfortunately, to date, clinical studies investigating immunotherapy regimens have not provided much evidence of efficacy, leading to questions about the suitability of immunotherapy strategies for these tumors. Inadequate inherent populations of lymphocytes in tumor (TILs) and limited trafficking of systemic circulating T cells into the central nervous system (CNS) likely contribute to the poor response to immunotherapy treatment for primary CNS cancers. This paucity of TILs is in concert with the finding of epigenetic silencing of genes that promote immune cell movement (chemotaxis) to the tumor. In this study we evaluated the ability of GSK126, a blood-brain barrier permeable small molecule inhibitor of EZH2, to reverse the epigenetic silencing of chemokines like CXCL9 and CXCL10. When combined with anti-PD-1 treatment, these IFN driven chemokines promote T cell infiltration, resulting in decreased tumor growth and enhanced survival in immunocompetent murine sub-cutaneous and intracranial tumor syngeneic models of GBM. Examination of the tumor micro-environment revealed that the decrease in tumor growth in the mice treated with the drug combination was accompanied by increased tumor CD8 T cell infiltration along with higher IFN expression. Additionally, a significant increase in CXCR3+ T cells in the draining lymph nodes was also found. Taken together, our data suggests that in glioblastoma, epigenetic modulation using GSK126 could improve current immunotherapy strategies by reversing the epigenetic changes that enable immune cell evasion leading to enhanced immune cell trafficking to the tumor.
2021-06-11 | ST001838 | MetabolomicsWorkbench
Project description:Background:Acral melanoma (AM) has distinct characteristics as compared to cutaneous melanoma and exhibits poor response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Tumor-intrinsic mechanisms of immune exclusion have been identified in many cancers but less studied in AM. Methods: We characterized clinically annotated tumors from patients diagnosed with AM at our institution in correlation with ICI response using whole transcriptome RNAseq, whole exome sequencing, CD8 immunohistochemistry, and multispectral immunofluorescence imaging. A defined interferon-γ-associated T cell-inflamed gene signature was used to categorize tumors into non-T cell-inflamed and T cell-inflamed phenotypes. In combination with AM tumors from two published studies, we systematically assessed the immune landscape of AM and detected differential gene expression and pathway activation in a non-T cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment (TME). Two single-cell(sc) RNAseq AM cohorts and 11 bulk RNAseq cohorts of various tumor types were used for independent validation on pathways associated with lack of ICI response. In total, 892 specimens were included in this study. Results: 72.5% of AM tumors showed low expression of the T cell-inflamed gene signature, with 23.9% of total tumors categorized as the non-T cell-inflamed phenotype. Patients of low CD3 + CD8 + PD1 + intratumoral T cell density showed poor prognosis. We identified 11 oncogenic pathways significantly upregulated in non-T cell-inflamed relative to T cell-inflamed TME shared across all three acral cohorts (MYC, HGF, MITF, VEGF, EGFR, SP1, ERBB2, TFEB, SREBF1, SOX2, and CCND1). scRNAseq analysis revealed that tumor cell-expressing pathway scores were significantly higher in low vs high T cell-infiltrated AM tumors. We further demonstrated that the 11 pathways were enriched in ICI non-responders compared to responders across cancers, including acral melanoma, cutaneous melanoma, triple-negative breast cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. Pathway activation was associated with low expression of interferon stimulated genes, suggesting suppression of antigen presentation. Across the 11 pathways, fatty acid synthase and CXCL8 were unifying downstream target molecules suggesting potential nodes for therapeutic intervention. Conclusions: A unique set of pathways is associated with immune exclusion and ICI resistance in AM. These data may inform immunotherapy combinations for immediate clinical translation.
2023-10-20 | GSE243238 | GEO
Project description:Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using in vitro expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has inconsistent clinical responses. To better understand determinants of therapeutic success, we tracked TIL clonotypes from baseline tumors to ACT products and post-ACT blood and tumor samples in melanoma patients using single-cell RNA and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing. Patients with clinical responses had baseline tumors enriched in tumor-reactive TILs, and these were more effectively mobilized upon in vitro expansion, yielding products enriched in tumor-specific CD8+ cells that preferentially infiltrated tumors post-ACT. Conversely, lack of clinical responses was associated with tumors devoid of tumor-reactive resident clonotypes and with cell products mostly composed of blood-borne clonotypes that persisted in blood but not in tumors post-ACT. Upon expansion, tumor-specific TILs lost tumor-associated transcriptional signatures, including exhaustion, and responders exhibited an intermediate exhausted effector state after TIL engraftment in the tumor, suggesting functional reinvigoration. Our findings provide insight into the nature and dynamics of tumor-specific clonotypes associated with clinical response to TIL-ACT, with implications for treatment optimization.
2024-09-13 | GSE261023 | GEO
Project description:Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using in vitro expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has inconsistent clinical responses. To better understand determinants of therapeutic success, we tracked TIL clonotypes from baseline tumors to ACT products and post-ACT blood and tumor samples in melanoma patients using single-cell RNA and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing. Patients with clinical responses had baseline tumors enriched in tumor-reactive TILs, and these were more effectively mobilized upon in vitro expansion, yielding products enriched in tumor-specific CD8+ cells that preferentially infiltrated tumors post-ACT. Conversely, lack of clinical responses was associated with tumors devoid of tumor-reactive resident clonotypes and with cell products mostly composed of blood-borne clonotypes that persisted in blood but not in tumors post-ACT. Upon expansion, tumor-specific TILs lost tumor-associated transcriptional signatures, including exhaustion, and responders exhibited an intermediate exhausted effector state after TIL engraftment in the tumor, suggesting functional reinvigoration. Our findings provide insight into the nature and dynamics of tumor-specific clonotypes associated with clinical response to TIL-ACT, with implications for treatment optimization.
2023-08-01 | GSE234352 | GEO
Project description:Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using in vitro expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has inconsistent clinical responses. To better understand determinants of therapeutic success, we tracked TIL clonotypes from baseline tumors to ACT products and post-ACT blood and tumor samples in melanoma patients using single-cell RNA and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing. Patients with clinical responses had baseline tumors enriched in tumor-reactive TILs, and these were more effectively mobilized upon in vitro expansion, yielding products enriched in tumor-specific CD8+ cells that preferentially infiltrated tumors post-ACT. Conversely, lack of clinical responses was associated with tumors devoid of tumor-reactive resident clonotypes and with cell products mostly composed of blood-borne clonotypes that persisted in blood but not in tumors post-ACT. Upon expansion, tumor-specific TILs lost tumor-associated transcriptional signatures, including exhaustion, and responders exhibited an intermediate exhausted effector state after TIL engraftment in the tumor, suggesting functional reinvigoration. Our findings provide insight into the nature and dynamics of tumor-specific clonotypes associated with clinical response to TIL-ACT, with implications for treatment optimization.
2023-08-01 | GSE229860 | GEO
Project description:Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using in vitro expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has inconsistent clinical responses. To better understand determinants of therapeutic success, we tracked TIL clonotypes from baseline tumors to ACT products and post-ACT blood and tumor samples in melanoma patients using single-cell RNA and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing. Patients with clinical responses had baseline tumors enriched in tumor-reactive TILs, and these were more effectively mobilized upon in vitro expansion, yielding products enriched in tumor-specific CD8+ cells that preferentially infiltrated tumors post-ACT. Conversely, lack of clinical responses was associated with tumors devoid of tumor-reactive resident clonotypes and with cell products mostly composed of blood-borne clonotypes that persisted in blood but not in tumors post-ACT. Upon expansion, tumor-specific TILs lost tumor-associated transcriptional signatures, including exhaustion, and responders exhibited an intermediate exhausted effector state after TIL engraftment in the tumor, suggesting functional reinvigoration. Our findings provide insight into the nature and dynamics of tumor-specific clonotypes associated with clinical response to TIL-ACT, with implications for treatment optimization.
2023-08-01 | GSE229858 | GEO