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Liver X receptor controls a bifurcated transcriptional program where lipogenesis genes overshoot upon refeeding while cholesterol biosynthesis genes return to pre-fasting levels [lxr_chip]

ABSTRACT: Transitions from a fed to a fasted state are common in mammals. The liver orchestrates adaptive responses to feeding/fasting by transcriptionally regulating metabolic pathways of energy usage and storage. Transcriptional and enhancer dynamics following cessation of fasting (refeeding) were never explored. We aimed to inspect the transcriptional and chromatin events occurring upon refeeding, their kinetic behavior and their molecular drivers. We found that the refeeding response is temporally-organized with an early response focused on ramping up protein translation while later stages of refeeding drive a bifurcated lipid synthesis program. While both lipid synthesis pathways were inhibited during fasting, cholesterol biosynthesis genes returned to their basal levels upon refeeding while lipogenesis genes significantly overshoot above pre-fasting levels. Lipogenic gene overshoot is dictated by Liver X Receptor alpha (LXRα) which directly binds and activates lipogenic enhancers. These findings unravel the mechanism behind the long-known phenomenon of refeeding fat overshoot.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE243051 | GEO | 2024/07/10

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Liver X receptor controls a bifurcated transcriptional program where lipogenesis genes overshoot upon refeeding while cholesterol biosynthesis genes return to pre-fasting levels [lxr_rna]

Project description:Transitions from a fed to a fasted state are common in mammals. The liver orchestrates adaptive responses to feeding/fasting by transcriptionally regulating metabolic pathways of energy usage and storage. Transcriptional and enhancer dynamics following cessation of fasting (refeeding) were never explored. We aimed to inspect the transcriptional and chromatin events occurring upon refeeding, their kinetic behavior and their molecular drivers. We found that the refeeding response is temporally-organized with an early response focused on ramping up protein translation while later stages of refeeding drive a bifurcated lipid synthesis program. While both lipid synthesis pathways were inhibited during fasting, cholesterol biosynthesis genes returned to their basal levels upon refeeding while lipogenesis genes significantly overshoot above pre-fasting levels. Lipogenic gene overshoot is dictated by Liver X Receptor alpha (LXRα) which directly binds and activates lipogenic enhancers. These findings unravel the mechanism behind the long-known phenomenon of refeeding fat overshoot.

2024-07-10 | GSE243054 | GEO

Liver X receptor controls a bifurcated transcriptional program where lipogenesis genes overshoot upon refeeding while cholesterol biosynthesis genes return to pre-fasting levels [lxr_atac]

2024-07-10 | GSE243050 | GEO

Liver X receptor controls a bifurcated transcriptional program where lipogenesis genes overshoot upon refeeding while cholesterol biosynthesis genes return to pre-fasting levels [kinetics_rna]

2024-07-10 | GSE243049 | GEO

LXR-dependent enhancer activation regulates the temporal organization of the liver's response to refeeding leading to lipogenic gene overshoot

Project description:Transitions between the fed and fasted state are common in mammals. The liver orchestrates adaptive responses to feeding/fasting by transcriptionally regulating metabolic pathways of energy usage and storage. Transcriptional and enhancer dynamics following cessation of fasting (refeeding) have not been explored. We examined the transcriptional and chromatin events occurring upon refeeding in mice, including kinetic behavior and molecular drivers. We found that the refeeding response is temporally-organized with the early response focused on ramping up protein translation while the later stages of refeeding drive a bifurcated lipid synthesis program. While both the cholesterol biosynthesis and lipogenesis pathways were inhibited during fasting, most cholesterol biosynthesis genes returned to their basal levels upon refeeding while most lipogenesis genes markedly overshoot above pre-fasting levels. Gene knockout, enhancer dynamics and ChIP-seq analyses revealed that lipogenic gene overshoot is dictated by LXRα. These findings from unbiased analyses unravel the mechanism behind the long-known phenomenon of refeeding fat overshoot.

2024-07-10 | GSE243048 | GEO

Gene expression profile showing novel insight for fasting–refeeding response in zebrafish muscle.

Project description:Gene expression profile was investigated using zebrafish muscle unger fasting-refeeding conditions. This study revealed fasting-refeeding responsive genes in zebrafish muscle.

2022-05-27 | GSE201273 | GEO

Prolonged fasting/refeeding modifies proteome profile and parvalbumin expression in the fast-twitch muscle of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus)

Project description:Skeletal muscle in fish presents a high plasticity controlled by a dynamic balance between anabolic and catabolic signaling pathways. Decreased food availability can inhibit muscle growth and trigger muscle catabolism pathways, thu promoting muscle atrophy. In contrast, anabolism may be favored during restoration of food supply, promoting the muscle growth. Considering this, we analyzed fast-twitch muscle of juvenile Piaractus mesopotamicus (pacu) submitted to a prolonged fasting (30 days) and refeeding (up to 30 days) using shotgun proteomics and gene expression analysis. The relative rate of weight and length increase, as well as the expression of mafbx and igf -1 genes, suggest that prolonged fasting caused muscle atrophy and that 30 days of refeeding led to partial compensatory growth. Shotgun proteomics analysis identified 99 proteins after fasting and 71 proteins after refeeding periods, of which 23 and 17 were differentially expressed after fasting and after 30 days of refeeding, respectively. Most of these differentially expressed proteins were related to cytoskeleton, muscle contraction and muscle metabolism. Among these, parvalbumin (PVALB), a calcium-binding protein and food allergen, was selected for further RT-qPCR analysis, which showed that pvalb mRNA was not changed after 30 days of fasting and 30 days of refeeding, but it was downregulated after 6h and 24h of refeeding. This suggests a post-transcriptional regulation of PVALB in fish muscle. In conclusion, our results suggest that muscle atrophy and partial compensatory growth caused by prolonged fasting and refeeding affected the muscle proteome and PVALB expression. Our results can contribute to the understanding of muscle anabolic and catabolic pathways in response to changes in food availability.

2019-11-28 | PXD014232 | Pride

Fasting/fed/refeeding RNAseq experiment conducted on mice with xenografted human livers.

Project description:Human hepatic gene regulations by fasting and refeeding in a mouse model with humanized liver generated from a single donor were reported.

2021-01-06 | GSE130525 | GEO

Liver X receptor controls a bifurcated transcriptional program where lipogenesis genes overshoot upon refeeding while cholesterol biosynthesis genes return to pre-fasting levels

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

2024-07-10 | GSE243057 | GEO

Post-fast refeeding enhances intestinal stem cell mediated regeneration and tumorigenesis through mTORC1 signaling and polyamine

Project description:For more than a century, fasting regimens have been shown to improve health, lifespan, and tissue regeneration in diverse model organisms and humans. However, important questions remain regarding how fasting and refeeding cycles stimulate stem cell output and how this influences their role in early tumor formation. Here, we demonstrate that in the mammalian intestine, a short 24-hour fast followed by a 24-hour refeeding period (that is, post-fast refeeding) and not fasting itself elevates the stemness program and regenerative capacity of Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Furthermore, loss of the tumor suppressor APC in post-fast refed ISCs significantly boosts tumor incidence in the small intestine and colon compared to those in the fasted or ad libitum fed states. Mechanistically, robust induction of insulin-PI3K-mTORC1 signaling as well as elevated intestinal polyamines level increase protein synthesis in post-fast refed ISCs to mediate these changes as inhibition of mTORC1, polyamine, or protein synthesis abrogate the regenerative or tumorigenic effects of post-fast refeeding. Thus, our data indicate that post-fast refeeding leads to a burst not only in stem cell-driven regeneration but also in tumorigenicity and that careful consideration be given to fast-refeeding cycles when planning diet-based strategies.

2023-08-08 | GSE192482 | GEO

Characterization of chromatin and gene expression changes during fasting and refeeding in mouse liver [RNA-Seq]

Project description:The discovery of FoxO1 as an effector of insulin action on gene expression filled a gap in our knowledge of insulin signaling. The metabolic impact of hepatic FoxO1 has been demonstrated in genetic mouse models showing that FoxO1 inhibition can reverse diabetes. However, the gamut of FoxO1 targets is unknown, due to the lack of robust genome-wide chromatin occupancy data. To elucidate the genomic architecture of the FoxO1 effect on liver metabolism, we integrated genome-wide ChIP-seq and RNA-seq. During the physiological transition from fasting to refeeding, hepatic FoxO1 translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. At the same time points, cistrome analysis demonstrated that 60% of FoxO1 target sites were cleared by refeeding. RNA-seq from mice following acute liver-specific FoxO1 ablation allowed us to integrate the data in a comprehensive FoxO1 regulome. We identified four distinct classes of FoxO1 targets. Class I targets are enriched in genes regulating cell homeostasis, have FoxO1 sites clustered in promoters and do not show regulation with fasting/refeeding. Class II is comprised of canonical FoxO1 metabolic targets coordinately regulated with other fasting-inducible TFs, such as PPARA, CREB, and GR through promoters. Class III is enriched in glucose metabolic genes regulated through active enhancers, as detected by H3K4me1 and H3K27ac histone marks. Class IV is comprised of triglyceride (TG) and lipoprotein metabolism genes, regulated through intron sites, and characterized by an uneven response to fasting/refeeding regulation.

2022-05-24 | GSE151545 | GEO

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