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Epithelial-derived IL-23 promotes oral mucosal immunopathology

ABSTRACT: At mucosal surfaces, epithelial cells provide a structural barrier and an immune defense system. However, dysregulated epithelial responses can contribute to disease states. Here, we demonstrate that epithelial intrinsic production of IL-23 triggers an inflammatory loop in the prevalent oral disease, periodontitis. Epithelial IL-23 expression localized to areas proximal to the disease-associated microbiome, is evident both in experimental models and in patients with common and genetic forms of disease. Mechanistically, flagellated microbial species of the periodontitis microbiome, trigger epithelial IL-23 induction in a TLR5-dependent manner. Intriguingly, unlike other Th17-driven diseases, here non-hematopoietic cell-derived IL-23 serves as an initiator of pathogenic inflammation. Beyond periodontitis, analysis of publicly available datasets reveals expression of epithelial IL-23 in settings of infection, malignancy, and autoimmunity, suggesting a broader role for epithelial-intrinsic IL-23 in human disease. Collectively, this work highlights an unappreciated role for the barrier epithelium in the induction of IL-23-mediated inflammation.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE243173 | GEO | 2024/05/08

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Dysbiosis of subgingival microbiome promotes the growth of periodontopathogens and the development of periodontitis, an irreversible chronic inflammatory disease. Untreated periodontitis leads to the destruction of connective tissues, alveolar bone resorption and ultimately to tooth loss. Periodontitis has been associated with inflammatory metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. While periodontitis-induced inflammation is a key player in both, the development of subgingival microbiome dysbiosis and in the host-microbiome interaction, the effects of hyperglycemia on the regulation of the host genes controlling the inflammatory response and the host-microbiome interaction are still scarce. We investigated the impacts of a hyperglycemic microenvironment on the inflammatory response and gene expression of a gingival fibroblasts-macrophages coculture model stimulated with dysbiotic subgingival microbiomes. A coculture model composed of immortalized human gingival fibroblasts overlaid with U937 macrophages-likes cells were stimulated with subgingival microbiome collected from four healthy donors and four patients with periodontitis. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinase were measured by a Luminex assay while the coculture RNA was submitted to a microarray analysis. Subgingival microbiomes were submitted to 16s rRNA gene sequencing. Data were analyzed by using an advanced multi-omics bioinformatic data integration model. Our results showed that krt76, krt27, pnma5, mansc4, rab41, thoc6, tm6sf2, and znf506 as well as the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1, GM-CSF, FGF2, IL-10, the metalloproteinases MMP3 and MMP8, and bacteria from the ASV 105, ASV 211, ASV 299, Prevotella, Campylobacter and Fretibacterium genera are key correlated variables contributing to periodontitis-induced inflammatory response in a hyperglycemic microenvironment. To conclude, our multi-omics integration analysis unveiled unique differentially interrelated bacterial genera, genes and pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in the regulation of the inflammatory response in a hyperglycemic microenvironment. These data also highlight the importance of considering hyperglycemic conditions in the development of new drugs or treatments for periodontal disease in link with type 2 diabetes.

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Epithelial-derived IL-23 promotes oral mucosal immunopathology

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