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Sympathetic Nerve Signal is Critical for Regulating Mammary Gland Development and Mammary Stem Cell Activity

ABSTRACT: Adult stem cell activity and organ development are elaborately regulated by microenvironmental signals. However, little is known about the regulatory effects of microenvironmental sympathetic nerve signals on organ development and stem cell activity. Here, using a mouse mammary gland model, we determined the regulatory function of sympathetic nerve system (SNS) on mammary development and mammary stem cell activity. Our results indicated that depletion of sympathetic nerve signals delayed the elongation of mammary ducts during puberty and pregnancy, and lead to the loss of mammary stem cells (MaSCs). In vitro three-dimensional (3D) culture and in vivo transplantation analyses indicated that the loss of sympathetic nerve signals inhibits the self-renewal and reconstruction activity of mammary stem cells, while the activation of sympathetic nerve signals promotes the self-renewal and reconstruction activity of mammary stem cells. Mechanistically, we found that sympathetic nerve signals regulate the activity of mammary stem cells and mammary development through the PI3K/ERK pathway. Together, our study reveals the function of sympathetic nervous signals in maintaining mammary homeostasis and regulating mammary stem cell activity, providing a novel view for the nervous system's regulation of organ development.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE243652 | GEO | 2024/11/06

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Sympathetic nerves and arrector pili muscles form a dual component niche to regulate hair follicle stem cells

Project description:Piloerection (goosebump) requires concerted actions of the hair follicle, the arrector pili muscle (APM), and the sympathetic nerve, providing a model to study interactions across epithelium, mesenchyme, and nerves. Here, we show that APMs and sympathetic nerves form a dual component niche to modulate hair follicle stem cell (HFSC) activity. Sympathetic nerves form synapse-like structures with HFSCs and regulate HFSCs through norepinephrine, whereas APMs maintain sympathetic innervation to HFSCs. Without norepinephrine signaling, HFSCs enter a deep quiescence state by down-regulating cell cycle machinery and mitochondria metabolism, while up-regulating quiescence regulators Lhx2, Foxp1, and Fgf18. During development, HFSC progeny secrets Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) to direct the formation of this APM-sympathetic nerve niche, which in turn controls hair follicle regeneration in adults. Our results reveal a reciprocal interdependence between a regenerative tissue and its niche at different stages, and illustrate that nerves can modulate stem cell quiescence through synapses and neurotransmitters.

2020-07-15 | GSE130240 | GEO

Motor nerves direct the development of the sympathetic nervous system

Project description:The sympathetic nervous system controls a wide spectrum of bodily functions including operation of vessels, cardiac rhythm, and the “flight or fight response”. Sympathetic neurons, which are neural crest-derived, develop in coordination with presynaptic motor nerves extending from the central nervous system (CNS). By using nerve-selective genetic ablations, we revealed that sympathetic ganglia development depends on CNS-derived motor innervation. In the absence of preganglionic motor nerves, trunk sympathetic chain ganglia were fragmented and smaller in size, while cervical ganglia were severely misshapen. Sympathetic neurons were misplaced along sensory fibers and projected towards abnormal paths, in some cases invading the sensory dorsal root ganglia. The misplaced progenitors of sympathoblasts corresponded to the nerve-associated, neural crest-derived Schwann cell precursors (SCPs). Notably, we found that SCPs activate the autonomic marker PHOX2B while migrating along motor nerves towards the region of the dorsal aorta in wildtype embryos, suggesting that SCP differentiate into sympathetic neurons while still nerve-associated in motor-ablated embryos. Ligand-receptor prediction from single cell transcriptomic data coupled with functional studies identified Semaphorin 3A/3F as candidate motor nerve-derived signals influencing neural crest migration along axons. Thus, motor nerves control the placement of sympathoblasts and their subsequent axonal navigation during critical periods of sympathetic chain development.

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Project description:Sympathetic activation during cold exposure increases adipocyte thermogenesis via the expression of mitochondrial protein uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)1. The propensity of adipocytes to express UCP1 is under a critical influence of the adipose microenvironment and varies between sexes and among various fat depots2-7. Here, we report that cold-induced adipocyte UCP1 expression in a female mouse subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) is regulated by mammary gland ductal epithelial cells in the adipose niche. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) shows that glandular luminal epithelium subtypes express transcripts that encode secretory factors in controlling adipocyte UCP1 expression under cold conditions. We term luminal epithelium secretory factors as “mammokines”. Using whole-tissue immunofluorescence 3D visualization, we reveal previously undescribed sympathetic nerve-ductal points of contact. We show sympathetic nerve-activated mammary ducts limit adipocyte UCP1 expression via lipocalin 2. Both in vivo and ex vivo ablation of mammary ductal epithelium enhances cold-induced scWAT adipocyte thermogenic gene program. Since the mammary duct network extends throughout most scWATs in female mice, females show markedly less scWAT UCP1 expression, fat oxidation, energy expenditure, and subcutaneous fat mass loss compared to male mice, implicating sex-specific roles of mammokines in adipose thermogenesis. These results show a previously uncharacterized role of sympathetic nerve-activated glandular epithelium in adipocyte UCP1 expression and suggest an evolutionary function of mammary duct luminal cells in defending glandular adiposity during cold exposure. Overall, our findings highlight mammary gland epithelium as a highly active metabolic cell type and implicate a broader role of mammokines in controlling female adipose metabolism, mammary gland physiology, and systemic energy homeostasis.

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2023-08-20 | GSE211527 | GEO

Molecular Basis of Infrared Detection by Snakes

Project description:Snakes possess a unique sensory system for detecting infrared radiation, enabling them to generate a ‘thermal image’ of predators or prey. Infrared signals are initially received by the pit organ, a highly specialized facial structure that is innervated by nerve fibers of the somatosensory system. How this organ detects and transduces infrared signals into nerve impulses is not known. Here we use an unbiased transcriptional profiling approach to identify TRPA1 as the infrared receptor on sensory neurons that innervate the pit organ. TRPA1 from pit bearing snakes (rattlesnakes and pythons) are the most heat sensitive vertebrate ion channels thus far identified, consistent with their role as primary transducers of infrared stimuli in these animals. Thus, snakes detect infrared signals through a mechanism involving radiant heating of the pit organ, rather than photochemical transduction. These findings illustrate the broad evolutionary tuning of TRP channels as thermosensors in the vertebrate nervous system. Gene expression measurements implicate TRPA1 as the heat-sensitive channel in diverse pit snakes

2010-03-16 | E-GEOD-19911 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Mus musculus

Project description:∆Np63 regulates stem cell activity in mammary gland development

| PRJNA205535 | ENA

A Brain-Melanocortin-Vagus axis mediates adipose tissue expansion independently of energy intake.

Project description:The melanocortin system is a brain circuit that influences energy balance by regulating energy intake and expenditure. In addition, the brain-melanocortin system controls adipose tissue metabolism to optimize fuel mobilization and storage. Specifically, increased brain-melanocortin signaling or negative energy balance promotes lipid mobilization by increasing Sympathetic Nervous input to adipose tissue. In contrast, calorie-independent mechanisms favoring energy storage are less understood. Here we demonstrate that obesogenic signals, including reduction of brain-melanocortin signaling or high-fat feeding, actively promote fat mass gain independently of caloric intake via efferent nerve fibers conveyed by the common hepatic branch of the vagus nerve. These signals promote adipose tissue expansion by activating lipogenic program and adipocyte and endothelial cell proliferation independently of insulin action or the sympathetic tone to adipose tissue. These data reveal a novel physiological mechanism whereby the brain controls energy stores that may contribute to increased susceptibility to obesity.

2019-04-18 | GSE128383 | GEO

Gene expression profiles of disseminated breast cancer cells

Project description:Although thousands of breast cancer cells disseminate and home to bone marrow until primary surgery, usually less than a handful will succeed in establishing manifest metastases months to years later. To identify signals that support survival or outgrowth in patients, we profile rare bone marrow-derived disseminated cancer cells (DCCs) long before manifestation of metastasis and identify IL6/PI3K-signaling as a candidate pathway for DCC activation. Surprisingly, and similar to mammary epithelial cells, DCCs lack membranous IL6 receptor expression and mechanistic dissection reveals IL6 trans-signaling to regulate a stem-like state of mammary epithelial cells via gp130. Responsiveness to IL6 trans-signals is found to be niche-dependent as bone marrow stromal and endosteal cells down-regulate gp130 in premalignant mammary epithelial cells as opposed to vascular niche cells. PIK3CA activation renders cells independent from IL6 trans-signaling. Consistent with a bottleneck function of microenvironmental DCC control, we find PIK3CA mutations highly associated with late-stage metastatic cells while being extremely rare in early DCCs. Our data suggest that the initial steps of metastasis formation are often not cancer cell-autonomous, but also depend on microenvironmental signals.

| EGAS00001004597 | EGA

Molecular Basis of Infrared Detection by Snakes

2010-03-16 | GSE19911 | GEO

Neuropathy of the haematopoietic stem cell niche is essential for myeloproliferative neoplasms [RNA-seq]

Project description:Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are diseases caused by mutations in the haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment. Most MPN patients have a common acquired mutation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) gene in HSCs that renders this kinase constitutively active, leading to uncontrolled cell expansion. The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment might contribute to the clinical outcomes of this common event. We previously showed that BM nestin+ mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) innervated by sympathetic nerve fibres regulate normal HSCs. Here we demonstrate that abrogation of this regulatory circuit is essential for MPN pathogenesis. Sympathetic nerve fibres, supporting Schwann cells and nestin+ MSCs are consistently reduced in the BM of MPN patients and mice expressing the human JAK2V617F mutation in HSCs. Unexpectedly, MSC reduction is not due to differentiation but is caused by BM neural damage and Schwann cell death triggered by interleukin-1b produced by mutant HSCs. In turn, in vivo depletion of nestin+ cells or their production of CXCL12 expanded mutant HSCs and accelerated MPN progression. In contrast, administration of neuroprotective or sympathomimetic drugs prevented mutant HSC expansion. Treatment with b3-adrenergic agonists that restored the sympathetic regulation of nestin+ MSCs prevented the loss of these cells and blocked MPN progression by indirectly reducing leukaemic stem cells. Our results demonstrate that mutant HSC-driven niche damage critically contributes to disease manifestation in MPN and identify niche-forming MSCs and their neural regulation as promising therapeutic targets. CD45- CD31- Ter119- GFP+ cells were sorted from the BM of Nes-gfp;Mx1-cre;JAK2-V617F mice and control littermates 6 weeks after pIpC treatment and were subjected to RNA sequencing. Each sample was pooled from 3 animals of the same genotype.

2014-03-12 | E-GEOD-55798 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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