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Mechanism for controlled assembly of transcriptional condensates by Aire

ABSTRACT: Transcriptional condensates play a crucial role in gene expression and regulation, yet their assembly mechanisms remain poorly understood. We here report a multi-layered mechanism for condensate assembly by Autoimmune regulator (Aire), an essential transcriptional regulator (TR) that orchestrates gene expression reprogramming for central T-cell tolerance. Aire condensates assemble on enhancers, stimulating local transcriptional activities and connecting disparate inter-chromosomal loci. This functional condensate formation hinges upon the coordination between three Aire domains: polymerization domain CARD, histone binding domain PHD1 and C-terminal tail (CTT). Specifically, CTT binds coactivators CBP/p300, recruiting Aire to CBP/p300-rich enhancers and promoting CARD-mediated condensate assembly. Conversely, PHD1 binds to the ubiquitous histone mark H3K4me0, keeping Aire dispersed throughout the genome until Aire nucleates on enhancers. Our findings showed that the balance between PHD1-mediated suppression and CTT-mediated stimulation of Aire polymerization is crucial to form transcriptionally active condensates at target sites, providing new insights into controlled polymerization of TRs. This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE243825 | GEO | 2024/07/08

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Like tobacco smoking, habitual marijuana smoking causes numerous adverse pulmonary effects. However, the mechanisms of action involved, especially as compared to tobacco smoke, are still unclear. To uncover putative modes of action, this study employed a toxicogenomics approach to compare the toxicological pathways perturbed following exposure to marijuana and tobacco smoke condensate in vitro. Condensates of mainstream smoke from hand-rolled tobacco and marijuana cigarettes were similarly prepared using identical smoking conditions. Murine lung epithelial cells were exposed to low, medium and high concentrations of the smoke condensates for 6 hr. RNA was extracted immediately or after a 4-hr recovery period and hybridized to mouse whole genome microarrays. Tobacco smoke condensate (TSC) exposure was associated with changes in xenobiotic metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA damage response. These same pathways were also significantly affected following marijuana smoke condensate (MSC) exposure. Although the effects of the condensates were largely similar, dose-response analysis indicates that the MSC is substantially more potent than TSC. In addition, steroid biosynthesis, apoptosis, and inflammation pathways were more significantly affected following MSC exposure, whereas m-phase cell cycle pathways were more significantly affected following TSC exposure. MSC exposure also appeared to elicit more severe oxidative stress than TSC exposure, which may account for the greater cytotoxicity of MSC. This study shows that in general, MSC impacts many of the same molecular processes as TSC. However, subtle pathway differences can provide insight into the differential toxicities of the two complex mixtures. Murine epithelial lung cells were exposed to tobacco smoke condensates (0, 25, 50, 90 Î¼g/ml) or marijuana smoke condensates (0, 2.5, 5, 10 Î¼g/ml) in serum-free medium for a six hour period. Following the six-hour exposure, cells were either harvested immediately or washed with phosphate-buffered saline and incubated in fresh serum-free medium for a four hour recovery period. Total RNA was extracted from the cells and hybridized against Universal Mouse Reference RNA (Agilent Technologies Canada, Inc.) to Agilent whole mouse genome microarray slides containing 44,000 transcripts. A LOWESS normalization was applied to expression results, and statistically significant genes were identified using the R library MAANOVA. Microarray results were validated by real time RT-PCR.

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Mechanism for controlled assembly of transcriptional condensates by Aire

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