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CRISPR screening in human trophoblast stem cells reveals both shared and distinct aspects of human and mouse placental development

ABSTRACT: This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE244255 | GEO | 2023/11/10

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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CRISPR screening in human trophoblast stem cells reveals both shared and distinct aspects of human and mouse placental development [HiChIP]

Project description:The placenta serves as the interface between the mother and fetus, facilitating the exchange of gases and nutrients between their separate blood circulation systems. Trophoblasts in the placenta play a central role in this process. Our current understanding of mammalian trophoblast development relies largely on mouse models. However, given the diversification of mammalian placentas, findings from the mouse placenta cannot be readily extrapolated to other mammalian species, including humans. To fill this knowledge gap, we performed CRISPR knockout (KO) screening in human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs). We targeted genes essential for mouse placental development and identified more than 100 genes as critical regulators in both human hTSCs and mouse placentas. Among them, we further characterized in detail two transcription factors, DLX3 and GCM1, and revealed their essential roles in hTSC differentiation. Moreover, a gene function-based comparison between human and mouse trophoblast subtypes suggests that their relationship may differ significantly from previous assumptions based on tissue localization or cellular function. Notably, our data reveal that hTSCs may not be analogous to mouse TSCs or the extraembryonic ectoderm (ExE) in which in vivo TSCs reside. Instead, hTSCs may be analogous to progenitor cells in the mouse ectoplacental cone and chorion. This finding is consistent with the absence of ExE-like structures during human placental development. Our data not only deepen our understanding of human trophoblast development but also facilitate cross-species comparison of mammalian placentas.

2023-11-09 | GSE244253 | GEO

CRISPR screening in human trophoblast stem cells reveals both shared and distinct aspects of human and mouse placental development [ChIP-seq]

2023-11-09 | GSE244252 | GEO

CRISPR screening in human trophoblast stem cells reveals both shared and distinct aspects of human and mouse placental development [RNA-seq]

2023-11-09 | GSE244254 | GEO

CRISPR screening in human trophoblast stem cells reveals both shared and distinct aspects of human and mouse placental development

Project description:CRISPR screening in human trophoblast stem cells reveals both shared and distinct aspects of human and mouse placental development

| PRJNA1022000 | ENA

CRISPR screening in human trophoblast stem cells reveals both shared and distinct aspects of human and mouse placental development [HiChIP]

Project description:CRISPR screening in human trophoblast stem cells reveals both shared and distinct aspects of human and mouse placental development [HiChIP]

| PRJNA1022005 | ENA

CRISPR screening in human trophoblast stem cells reveals both shared and distinct aspects of human and mouse placental development [ChIP-seq]

Project description:CRISPR screening in human trophoblast stem cells reveals both shared and distinct aspects of human and mouse placental development [ChIP-seq]

| PRJNA1022003 | ENA

CRISPR screening in human trophoblast stem cells reveals both shared and distinct aspects of human and mouse placental development [RNA-seq]

Project description:CRISPR screening in human trophoblast stem cells reveals both shared and distinct aspects of human and mouse placental development [RNA-seq]

| PRJNA1022008 | ENA

Stem-cell-derived trophoblast organoids model human placental development and susceptibility to emerging pathogens.

Project description:Trophoblast organoids derived from placental villi provide a 3D model system of human placental development, but access to first-trimester tissues is limited. Here, we report that trophoblast stem cells isolated from naive human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can efficiently self-organize into 3D stem-cell-derived trophoblast organoids (SC-TOs) with a villous architecture similar to primary trophoblast organoids. Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals the presence of distinct cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast clusters and a small cluster of extravillous trophoblasts, which closely correspond to trophoblast identities in the post-implantation embryo. These organoid cultures display clonal X chromosome inactivation patterns previously described in the human placenta. We further demonstrate that SC-TOs exhibit selective vulnerability to emerging pathogens (SARS-CoV-2 and Zika virus), which correlates with expression levels of their respective entry factors. The generation of trophoblast organoids from naive hPSCs provides an accessible 3D model system of the developing placenta and its susceptibility to emerging pathogens.

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An integrated atlas of human placental development delineates essential regulators of trophoblast stem cells.

Project description:The trophoblast lineage safeguards fetal development by mediating embryo implantation, immune tolerance, nutritional supply and gas exchange. Human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs) provide a platform to study lineage specification of placental tissues; however, the regulatory network controlling self-renewal remains elusive. Here, we present a single-cell atlas of human trophoblast development from zygote to mid-gestation together with single-cell profiling of hTSCs. We determine the transcriptional networks of trophoblast lineages in vivo and leverage probabilistic modelling to identify a role for MAPK signalling in trophoblast differentiation. Placenta- and blastoid-derived hTSCs consistently map between late trophectoderm and early cytotrophoblast, in contrast to blastoid-trophoblast, which correspond to trophectoderm. We functionally assess the requirement of the predicted cytotrophoblast network in an siRNA-screen and reveal 15 essential regulators for hTSC self-renewal, including MAZ, NFE2L3, TFAP2C, NR2F2 and CTNNB1. Our human trophoblast atlas provides a powerful analytical resource to delineate trophoblast cell fate acquisition, to elucidate transcription factors required for hTSC self-renewal and to gauge the developmental stage of in vitro cultured cells.

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TMEM16F phospholipid scramblase mediates trophoblast fusion and placental development.

Project description:Cell-cell fusion or syncytialization is fundamental to the reproduction, development, and homeostasis of multicellular organisms. In addition to various cell type-specific fusogenic proteins, cell surface externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS), a universal eat-me signal in apoptotic cells, has been observed in different cell fusion events. Nevertheless, the molecular underpinnings of PS externalization and cellular mechanisms of PS-facilitated cell-cell fusion are unclear. Here, we report that TMEM16F, a Ca2+-activated phospholipid scramblase (CaPLSase), plays an essential role in placental trophoblast fusion by translocating PS to cell surface independent of apoptosis. The placentas from the TMEM16F knockout mice exhibit deficiency in trophoblast syncytialization and placental development, which lead to perinatal lethality. We thus identified a new biological function of TMEM16F CaPLSase in trophoblast fusion and placental development. Our findings provide insight into understanding cell-cell fusion mechanism of other cell types and on mitigating pregnancy complications such as miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and preeclampsia.

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