Loss of TREM2 exacerbates parenchymal amyloid pathology but diminishes CAA in Tg-SwDI mice
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE244286 | GEO | 2024/11/01
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Loss of TREM2 exacerbates parenchymal amyloid pathology but diminishes CAA in Tg-SwDI mice
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Project description:Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of amyloid plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates, as well as microgliosis. The link between mutations in Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2), a microglia-expressed gene, and the increased risk for developing late-onset AD suggests a detrimental role for microglia in disease pathophyioslogy. Hemizygous TREM2 mutations are posited to increase risk for AD through loss-of-function haploinsufficiency. The effects of TREM2 haploinsufficiency on tau pathology and tau-associated deficits have not yet been characterized. Using in vivo imaging, we showed that TREM2 haploinsufficiency, but not complete loss of TREM2, resulted in a striking agedependent impairment in microglia’s response to injury without affecting baseline motility. This TREM2-dependent effect on microglial motility is consistent with transcriptomic alterations in cell motility uncovered with unbiased RNAsequencing analysis. Moreover, TREM2 haploinsufficiency, but not complete loss of TREM2, exacerbated phosphorylated tau pathology in transgenic mice expressing mutant human tau. In addition, TREM2 haploinsufficiency increased tau inclusions and tau-mediated inflammation without further exacerbating neuronal loss. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that TREM2 haploinsufficiency induces deficits in a tauopathy mouse model, supporting the notion that the hemizygous missense variant results in loss-of-function.
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Project description:Olfaction is often deregulated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, being also impaired in transgenic Tg2576 AD mouse model, which overexpress the Swedish mutated form of human amyloid precursor protein (APP). However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that accompany the neurodegeneration of olfactory structures in Tg2576 mice. For that, we have applied proteome- and transcriptome-wide approaches to probe molecular disturbances in the olfactory bulb (OB) dissected from Tg2576 mice (2, and 6 months of age) respect to age-matched wild-type (WT) littermates.
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Project description:Complement protein C1q is induced after injury in the brain and during Alzheimer's disease and has been shown to protect against amyloid-beta induced neuronal death. In this study, we used microarray approach to identify the pathways modulated by C1q that are associated with neuroprotection. Immature rat cortical primary neurons are treated with fibrillar amyloid-beta peptides and/or C1q for 3h before RNA extraction and hybridization on rat Affymetrix microarrays. Supplementary file: Processed/normalized, probe-level signal intensities from neurons treated with amyloid-beta or C1q. Median signal intensity used as global normalization method, done with JMP genomics (v5.0) software.
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Project description:We examined the role of TREM2 on microglia responses to amyloid-beta deposition in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
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Project description:Background: ABCA1 has recently been identified as a novel genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. The major known role of ABCA1 in the brain is to transfer lipids onto lipid poor APOE. Given that APOEε4 is the strongest genetic risk factor for developing late onset Alzheimer’s disease, this recent finding implicates the cholesterol homeostatic pathway in the onset/progression of Alzheimer’s disease. microRNAs (miRs) are small RNA species that negatively regulate expression of their target genes. ABCA1 is regulated by miR-33, and loss of this miR significantly increases protein levels of ABCA1 and increases the lipidation of APOE. However, it is unknown if loss of miR-33 and subsequent increase in ABCA1 protein levels ameliorates amyloid pathology. Methods: We generated miR-33+/+;APP/PS1 and miR-33-/-;APP/PS1 mice to determine changes in amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides and amyloid plaque formation utilizing biochemical and histological analyses. In addition to amyloid pathology, we assessed if deletion of miR-33 altered the activation of glial cells in the brains of these mice. We utilized in vitro methods to determine if miR-33 alters the phagocytosis of Aβ aggregates. We utilized RNA-sequencing and mass spectrometry to identify the transcriptome and proteome regulation by miR-33 in the context of amyloid pathology. Results: Deletion of miR-33 dramatically reduces insoluble Aβ peptide levels and the deposition of amyloid plaques in APP/PS1 mice. In addition, we identified that astrocyte and microglial activation is markedly decreased in miR-33-/-;APP/PS1 mice through histological analyses. Intriguingly, we show that loss of miR-33 results in amyloid plaques that are more compact, potentially implicating enhanced microglial phagocytosis. We confirm in vitro that loss of miR-33 significantly increases microglial phagocytosis of Aβ aggregates. Our multi-omics analyses reveal that deletion of miR-33 regulates immune response in the context of amyloid pathology. Interestingly, we identified that WNT/Beta-catenin signaling is significantly upregulated in miR-33-/-;APP/PS1 mice. Conclusion: We confirm that the deletion of miR-33 increases APOE lipidation and significantly reduces amyloid pathology as well as glial activation in APP/PS1 mice. Our results agree with previous work identifying APOE lipidation as an important modulator of amyloid pathology. We show, for the first time, that loss of miR-33 increases the phagocytosis of Aβ by microglia. In total, we identify miR-33 as a promising target for the amelioration of amyloid pathology.
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Project description:There is a growing recognition of cerebrovascular contribution to neurodegenerative diseases. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), characterised by amyloid-beta (AM-NM-2) deposits in the walls of intracerebral and leptomeningeal arteries, is evident in a majority of AlzheimerM-bM-^@M-^Ys disease patients and aged people. Here, we leverage on human pluripotent stem cells to generate vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from neural crest progenitors, recapitulating brain vasculature-specific attributes in AM-NM-2 metabolism. We confirm that the lipoprotein receptor, LRP1, functions in our neural crest-derived SMCs to mediate AM-NM-2 uptake and intracellular proteasomal degradation. Hypoxia significantly compromises the ability of SMCs in AM-NM-2 clearance by suppressing LRP1 expression. This enables us to develop an assay of AM-NM-2 uptake using the neural crest-derived SMCs with hypoxia as a stress paradigm. We then tested several vascular protective compounds in a high throughput format, demonstrating the value of stem cell-based phenotypic screening for novel CAA therapeutics and drug repurposing. We adopted our previous SMC differentiation protocol (Cheung et al., 2012) to differentiate this intermediate neural crest population using platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB, 10 ng/ml) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-M-NM-21, 2ng/ml) for another 12 days. The resultant neural crest-derived SMCs (NCSMC) were then characterised in comparison to neuroectoderm-derived SMCs (NESMC) (Cheung et al., 2012) and positive control, human brain vascular SMCs (BVSMC).
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Project description:Complement protein C1q is induced after injury in the brain and during Alzheimer's disease and has been shown to protect against amyloid-beta induced neuronal death. In this study, we used microarray approach to identify the pathways modulated by C1q that are associated with neuroprotection.
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