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Activity-induced MeCP2 phosphorylation regulates retinogeniculate synapse refinement [snRNA-Seq]

ABSTRACT: Mutations in MECP2 give rise to Rett syndrome (RTT), an X-linked neurodevelop- mental disorder that results in broad cognitive impairments in females. While the exact etiology of RTT symptoms remains unknown, one possible explanation for its clinical presentation is that loss of MeCP2 causes miswiring of neural circuits due to defects in the brain’s capacity to respond to changes in neuronal activity and sensory experience. Here, we show that MeCP2 is phosphorylated at four residues in the brain (S86, S274, T308, and S421) in response to neuronal activity, and we generate a quadruple knock-in (QKI) mouse line in which all four activity-dependent sites are mutated to alanines to prevent phosphorylation. QKI mice do not display overt RTT phenotypes or detectable gene expression changes in two brain regions. However, electrophysiological recordings from the retinogeniculate synapse of QKI mice reveal that while synapse elimination is initially normal at P14, it is significantly compromised at P20. Notably, this phenotype is distinct from the synapse refinement defect previously reported for Mecp2 null mice, where synapses initially refine but then regress after the third postnatal week. We thus propose a model in which activity-induced phosphorylation of MeCP2 is critical for the proper timing of retinogeniculate synapse maturation specifically during the early postnatal period.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE245024 | GEO | 2023/10/15

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Activity-induced MeCP2 phosphorylation regulates retinogeniculate synapse refinement [RNA-Seq]

Project description:Mutations in MECP2 give rise to Rett syndrome (RTT), an X-linked neurodevelop- mental disorder that results in broad cognitive impairments in females. While the exact etiology of RTT symptoms remains unknown, one possible explanation for its clinical presentation is that loss of MeCP2 causes miswiring of neural circuits due to defects in the brain’s capacity to respond to changes in neuronal activity and sensory experience. Here, we show that MeCP2 is phosphorylated at four residues in the brain (S86, S274, T308, and S421) in response to neuronal activity, and we generate a quadruple knock-in (QKI) mouse line in which all four activity-dependent sites are mutated to alanines to prevent phosphorylation. QKI mice do not display overt RTT phenotypes or detectable gene expression changes in two brain regions. However, electrophysiological recordings from the retinogeniculate synapse of QKI mice reveal that while synapse elimination is initially normal at P14, it is significantly compromised at P20. Notably, this phenotype is distinct from the synapse refinement defect previously reported for Mecp2 null mice, where synapses initially refine but then regress after the third postnatal week. We thus propose a model in which activity-induced phosphorylation of MeCP2 is critical for the proper timing of retinogeniculate synapse maturation specifically during the early postnatal period.

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Project description:Autism spectrum disorders such as Rett syndrome (RTT) have been hypothesized to arise from defects in experience-dependent synapse maturation. RTT is caused by mutations in MECP2, a nuclear protein that becomes phosphorylated at S421 in response to neuronal activation. We show here that disruption of MeCP2 S421 phosphorylation in vivo results in defects in synapse development and behavior, implicating activity-dependent regulation of MeCP2 in brain development and RTT. We investigated the mechanism by which S421 phosphorylation regulates MeCP2 function and show by chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing that this modification occurs on MeCP2 bound across the genome. The phosphorylation of MeCP2 S421 appears not to regulate the expression of specific genes; rather, MeCP2 functions as a histone-like factor whose phosphorylation may facilitate a genome-wide response of chromatin to neuronal activity during nervous system development. We propose that RTT results in part from a loss of this experience-dependent chromatin remodeling. Gene expression analysis of RNA isolated from P17 mouse visual cortex was performed comparing global gene expression between Wild-Type and MeCP2 S421A knock-in mice. We isolated RNA from the visual cortex of 4 wild-type and 4 MeCP2 S421A littermate P17 Mice, and analyzed mRNA expression using the Affymetrix Mouse Gene 1.0 ST microarray platform.

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Activity-induced MeCP2 phosphorylation regulates retinogeniculate synapse refinement

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Project description:Autism spectrum disorders such as Rett syndrome (RTT) have been hypothesized to arise from defects in experience-dependent synapse maturation. RTT is caused by mutations in MECP2, a nuclear protein that becomes phosphorylated at S421 in response to neuronal activation. We show here that disruption of MeCP2 S421 phosphorylation in vivo results in defects in synapse development and behavior, implicating activity-dependent regulation of MeCP2 in brain development and RTT. We investigated the mechanism by which S421 phosphorylation regulates MeCP2 function and show by chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing that this modification occurs on MeCP2 bound across the genome. The phosphorylation of MeCP2 S421 appears not to regulate the expression of specific genes; rather, MeCP2 functions as a histone-like factor whose phosphorylation may facilitateM-CM-^BM-BM- a genome-wide response of chromatin to neuronal activity during nervous system development. We propose that RTT results in part from a loss of this experience-dependent chromatin remodeling. To examine MeCP2 binding across the neuronal genome and where on the genome MeCP2 is phosphorylated at Serine 421 in response to neuronal activity we performed anti-total MeCP2 and anti-phospho-Serine 421 specific Chromatin immunoprecipitation from cultured cortical neurons that were either left unstimulated or membrane depolarized for 2 hours by addition of 55mM KCl to the media. ChIP DNA was verified for successful IP by qPCR then cloned and sequenced using ABI SOLiD system 4. ChIP was performed from E16 +7DIV disociated cortical cultures from one or two independent dissections using an anti-c-terminal antiserum recognizing MeCP2 independent of its phosphorylation state or with an anti-pS421 antiserum that specifically immunoprecipitates MeCP2 phosphorylated at serine 421. Samples were qPCR validated and sequenced using ABI SOLiD system 4 library preparation and sequencing.

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