Defective IRE1α Pathway Caused by Abnormal PAX6 Expression Led to Specific Human Diabetes
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE245627 | GEO | 2023/10/23
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Here, we report a key role for the transcription factor Pax6 in the maintenance of adult beta-cell identity and function. Pax6 is down regulated in beta-cells of diabetic db/db mice and in wild type mice treated with an insulin receptor antagonist, revealing metabolic control of expression. Deletion of Pax6 in beta-cells of adult mice leads to lethal hyperglycemia and ketosis, due to loss of beta-cell function and expansion of alpha-cells. Lineage tracing, transcriptome, and chromatin analyses show that Pax6 is a direct activator of beta-cell genes, maintaining mature beta-cell function and identity. In parallel, Pax6 binds promoters and enhancers to repress alternative islet cell genes including ghrelin, glucagon, and somatostatin. Chromatin analysis and shRNA-mediated gene suppression experiments indicate a similar function of PAX6 in human beta-cells. Reduced expression of Pax6 in metabolically stressed beta-cells may contribute to beta-cell failure and alpha-cell dysfunction in diabetes.
2016-11-01 | GSE87530 | GEO
Project description:Transcriptome profiling using RNA-seq of β-TC3 cell, a mouse pancreatic cell line used in the study of novel Cis-regulatory elements for the Pax6 gene .
2018-08-01 | GSE116811 | GEO
Project description:Novel target genes for the two transcription factor isoforms Pax6 and Pax6(5a) were identified by generating mouse embryonic fibroblast cell lines stably expressing either Pax6 or Pax6(5a), and comparing their gene expression pattern with the original mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line. Flp-In-3T3 cell lines were generated according to the manufacturers instruction (Invitrogen), using the mouse Pax6 and Pax6(5a) cDNA as insert. Correct inserts were verified by PCR, sequencing and Westernblot.
2012-03-22 | E-GEOD-31402 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Novel target genes for the two transcription factor isoforms Pax6 and Pax6(5a) were identified by generating mouse embryonic fibroblast cell lines stably expressing either Pax6 or Pax6(5a), and comparing their gene expression pattern with the original mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line.
2012-03-22 | GSE31402 | GEO
Project description:The transcription factor PAX6 is involved in the development of the eye and pancreatic islets, besides being associated with sleep-wake cycles. Here, we investigated a point mutation in the RED subdomain of PAX6, previously described in a human patient, to present a comprehensive study of a homozygous Pax6 mutation in the context of adult mammalian metabolism and circadian rhythm. Pax6Leca2 mice lack appropriate retinal structures for light perception and do not display normal daily rhythmic changes in energy metabolism. Despite β cell dysfunction and decreased insulin secretion, mutant mice have normal glucose tolerance. This is associated with reduced hepatic glucose production possibly due to altered circadian variation in expression of clock and metabolic genes, thereby evading hyperglycemia. Hence, our findings show that while the RED subdomain is important for β cell functional maturity, the Leca2 mutation impacts peripheral metabolism via loss of circadian rhythm, thus revealing pleiotropic effects of PAX6.
2020-09-29 | GSE128504 | GEO
Project description:The transcription factor Pax6 is comprised of the paired domain (PD) and homeodomain (HD). In the developing forebrain, Pax6 is expressed in ventricular zone precursor cells and in specific subpopulations of neurons; absence of Pax6 results in disrupted cell proliferation and cell fate specification. Pax6 also regulates the entire lens developmental program. To reconstruct Pax6-dependent gene regulatory networks (GRNs), ChIP-seq studies were performed using lens and forebrain chromatin from mice. A total of 3,723 (forebrain) and 3,514 (lens) Pax6-containing peaks were identified, with ~70% of them found in both tissues and thereafter called “common” peaks. Analysis of Pax6-bound peaks identified motifs that closely resemble Pax6-PD, -PD/HD and -HD established binding sequences. Mapping of H3K4me1, H3K4me3, H3K27ac, H3K27me3 and RNA polymerase II revealed distinct types of tissue-specific enhancers bound by Pax6. Pax6 directly regulates cortical neurogenesis through activation (e.g. Dmrta1 and Ngn2) and repression (e.g. Ascl1, Fezf2, and Gsx2) of transcription factors. In lens, Pax6 directly regulates cell cycle exit control via components of FGF (Fgfr2, Ccnd1, and Prox1) and Wnt (Dkk3, Wnt7a, Lrp6, Bcl9l, and Ccnd1) signaling pathways. Collectively, these studies provide genome-wide analysis of Pax6-dependent GRNs in lens and forebrain and establish novel roles of Pax6 in organogenesis.
2015-07-09 | GSE66961 | GEO
Project description:The transcription factor Pax6 is comprised of the paired domain (PD) and homeodomain (HD). In the developing forebrain, Pax6 is expressed in ventricular zone precursor cells and in specific subpopulations of neurons; absence of Pax6 results in disrupted cell proliferation and cell fate specification. Pax6 also regulates the entire lens developmental program. To reconstruct Pax6-dependent gene regulatory networks (GRNs), ChIP-seq studies were performed using lens and forebrain chromatin from mice. A total of 3,723 (forebrain) and 3,514 (lens) Pax6-containing peaks were identified, with ~70% of them found in both tissues and thereafter called “common” peaks. Analysis of Pax6-bound peaks identified motifs that closely resemble Pax6-PD, -PD/HD and -HD established binding sequences. Mapping of H3K4me1, H3K4me3, H3K27ac, H3K27me3 and RNA polymerase II revealed distinct types of tissue-specific enhancers bound by Pax6. Pax6 directly regulates cortical neurogenesis through activation (e.g. Dmrta1 and Ngn2) and repression (e.g. Ascl1, Fezf2, and Gsx2) of transcription factors. In lens, Pax6 directly regulates cell cycle exit control via components of FGF (Fgfr2, Ccnd1, and Prox1) and Wnt (Dkk3, Wnt7a, Lrp6, Bcl9l, and Ccnd1) signaling pathways. Collectively, these studies provide genome-wide analysis of Pax6-dependent GRNs in lens and forebrain and establish novel roles of Pax6 in organogenesis. Examination of Pax6 in mouse embryonic forebrain and newborn lens. We performed ChIP-seq on mouse E12.5 embryonic forebrain and newborn lens. Genome-wide binding sites of Pax6, H3K4me1, H3K4me3, H3K27ac, H3K27me3, and Pol2 were generated. We also performed RNA-seq on mouse E12.5 embryonic forebrain and newborn lens epithelial cells and fibers.
2015-07-09 | E-GEOD-66961 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Purpose: We find that Wnt7a-PAX6 axis determine corneal epithelial cell fate. To obtain global evidence for successful cell fate conversion, we performed gene expression profiling by RNA-seq on CECs, SECs, and LSCs after knocking down PAX6 and on SESCs transduced with PAX6 upon 3-D differentiation. Methods: Under 3-D culture condition, limbal stem cell (LSCs) can be differentiated to Cornea epithelial cells (CECs), and skin epithelial stem cells (SESCs) can be differentiated to skin epithelial cells (SECs). Total RNA was isolated from CECs, SECs, and LSCs after knocking down PAX6 (3-D shPAX6 LSCs) and on SESCs transduced with PAX6 (3-D PAX6+ SESCs) upon 3-D differentiation. Libraries were prepared following published standard protocol (Fox-Walsh K et al., 2011, genomics, 266-71). mRNA profiles were generated by deep sequencing, in duplicate, using Illumina HiSeq 2000. Results: Following optimized decoding and mapping workfollow, we mapped about 5 million sequence reads to the human genome and identified more than 23659 transcripts per sample. Conclusions: Hierarchical clustering analysis of differentially expressed gene signatures revealed that the gene expression pattern of SESCs with PAX6 transduction was strikingly similar to that of CECs, whereas the profile of LSCs with PAX6 knockdown was highly related to that in SECs upon differentiation. These data therefore provided global evidence for a decisive role of the WNT7A/PAX6 axis in cell fate conversion from SESCs to CECs. RNA-seq on CECs, SECs, and LSCs after knocking down PAX6 and on SESCs transduced with PAX6 upon 3-D differentiation, using Illumina HiSeq 2000
2014-07-11 | E-GEOD-54322 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The mechanisms by which the early spatiotemporal expression patterns of transcription factors such as Pax6 regulate the region-specific proliferation rates of neural progenitors are poorly understood. Pax6 is expressed in a gradient across the developing cortex and is essential for normal corticogenesis. We found that constitutive or conditional loss of Pax6 increases cortical progenitor proliferation by amounts that vary regionally with normal Pax6 levels. We compared the gene expression profiles of equivalent Pax6-expressing progenitors isolated from Pax6+/+ and Pax6-/- cortices and identified many negatively-regulated cell cycle genes including those encoding Cyclins and Cdks. Biochemical assays indicated that Pax6 directly represses Cdk6 expression. Cyclin/Cdk repression inhibits retinoblastoma protein (pRb) phosphorylation, thereby limiting the transcription of genes directly promoting mitosis, and we showed that Pax6 inhibits pRb phosphorylation and represses several genes involved in DNA replication. Our results indicate that Pax6’s modulation of the cell cycles of cortical progenitors is regional and direct.
2013-01-31 | GSE38703 | GEO
Project description:Pax6 is a transcription factor with key functional roles in embryonic development. In order to identify downstream effectors of Pax6 in the developing cerebral cortex we performed microarray analysis. We compared gene expression profiles of cortical tissues isolated from wild type and Pax6-/- mouse embryos. In order to identify Pax6 downstream targets we carried out microarray analysis of Pax6-/- mutant mice. Pax6 is highly expressed in the mouse cerebral cortex at embryonic day E14.5, therefore we selected this tissue in order to compare gene expression profiles between wild type and Pax6-/- homozygous cortici. RNA samples were isolated from three mutant and three wild type embryos.
2011-10-31 | E-GEOD-32271 | biostudies-arrayexpress