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Complete genome of the Medicago anthracnose fungus, Colletotrichum destructivum, reveals a mini-chromosome-like region within a core chromosome.

ABSTRACT: Colletotrichum is a large genus of fungal phytopathogens that cause major economic losses on a wide range of crop plants throughout the world. These pathogenes vary widely in their host specificity and may have either broad or narrow host ranges. Here, we report the first complete genome of the alfalfa (Medicago sativa) pathogen, Colletotrichum destructivum, which will facilitate the genomic analysis of host adaptation and comparison with other members of the Destructivum clade. We identified a specific 1.2Mb region within chromosome 1 displaying all the hallmarks of fungal accessory chromosomes, which may have arisen through the integration of a mini-chromosome into a core chromosome and possibly linked with the pathogenicity of this fungus. We show this region is also a focus for chromosomal rearrangements, which may contribute to generating genetic diversity for adaptive evolution. Finally, we report infection by this fungus of the model legume, Medicago truncatula, providing a novel pathosystem for studying fungal-plant interactions.

ORGANISM(S): Colletotrichum destructivum

PROVIDER: GSE246592 | GEO | 2023/12/18

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Colletotrichum graminicola is a hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen that causes maize anthracnose disease. It progresses through three recognizable phases of pathogenic development *in planta*: melanized appressoria that form on the host surface prior to penetration; biotrophy, characterized by colonization of living host cells; and necrotrophy, characterized by host cell death and symptom development. An improved filtering algorithm and a Mixed Effects Generalized Linear Model (GLM) were developed and applied to an existing Illumina transcriptome dataset, substantially increasing the statistical power of the analysis of *C. graminicola* gene expression during infection and colonization. Additionally, the *in planta* transcriptome of the wild-type was compared with that of a mutant strain impaired in the establishment of biotrophy, allowing detailed dissection of events occurring specifically during penetration, and during early versus late biotrophy. Results indicated that there is a continuum of activities that occur during colonization of maize by *C. graminicola*, and that boundaries drawn between the three recognizable phases are artificial. More than 2000 fungal genes were differentially transcribed in waves during appressorial maturation, penetration, and colonization. Secreted proteins and membrane receptors were over-represented among the differentially expressed genes, suggesting that the fungus engages in an intimate and dynamic conversation with the host, beginning prior to penetration. This communication process is likely to involve reception of plant signals that trigger subsequent developmental progress in the fungus, as well as the production of signals that induce responses in the host. Later phases of biotrophy were more similar to necrotrophy, with increased production of secreted proteases, inducers of plant cell death, hydrolases, and membrane bound transporters for the uptake and egress of potential toxins, signals, and nutrients. The differentially expressed genes could be used as landmarks to more accurately identify developmental progress in compatible versus incompatible interactions involving genetic variants of both host and pathogen.

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Complete genome of the Medicago anthracnose fungus, Colletotrichum destructivum, reveals a mini-chromosome-like region within a core chromosome.

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