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VSIG4 inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by suppressing Nrf2-mediated reactive oxygen species production

ABSTRACT: Osteoporosis is a common systemic skeletal disorder especially in postmenopausal women due to excessive production and activation of osteoclasts. However, current anti-osteoporotic drugs used in clinical practice may cause some side effects. Thus, it is necessary to further explore the potential mechanisms regulating the differentiation of osteoclast and develop novel targets for the treatment of osteoporosis. In our study, we found that VSIG4 exhibited the most significant decline among VSIG family members. Overexpression of VSIG4 significantly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption function. Mechanismly, the western blot and immunofluorescence results also showed that overexpression of VSIG4 attenuated the expression of osteoclast marker genes and the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. We found that overexpression of VSIG4 could suppress the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activate the expression of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant enzymes. ML385, a potent Nrf2 inhibitor, was found to reverse the inhibitory impact of VSIG4 on osteoclast differentiation. Consistently, overexpression of VSIG4 also rescued OVX-induced bone loss and attenuated the activation of osteoclasts in vivo. Taken together, our results indicated that VSIG4 could be an novel target to address postmenopausal osteoporosis by suppressing osteoclast formation via regulation of Nrf 2-mediated ROS generation.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE247553 | GEO | 2023/11/17

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Enhanced osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activity contribute to the development of osteoporosis, which is characterized by increased bone resorption and inadequate bone formation. As novel anti-osteoporotic therapeutics are needed, understanding the genetic regulation of human osteoclastogenesis could help identify potential treatment targets. This study aimed to provide an overview of the transcriptional reprogramming during human osteoclast differentiation. Osteoclasts were differentiated from CD14+-monocytes from eight female donors. RNA-sequencing during differentiation demonstrated 8980 differentially expressed genes grouped into eight temporal patterns conserved across donors. These patterns showed distinct molecular functions, associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis susceptibility genes based on RNA from iliac crest biopsies, and bone mineral density SNPs. Network analyses showed mutual dependencies between the temporal expression patterns and provides insight into subtype-specific transcriptional networks. Donor specific expression patterns identified genes at monocyte stage, such as filamin B (FLNB) and oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 (OLR1, encoding LOX-1), that are predictive for the resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts. Differentially expressed G-protein coupled receptors showed strong expression during osteoclast differentiation and associated with bone mineral density SNPs, implying a pivotal role in osteoclast differentiation and activity. The regulatory effects of three differentially expressed G-protein coupled receptors were exemplified by in vitro pharmacological modulation of complement 5A receptor 1 (C5AR1), somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2), and free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4/GPR120). Activating C5AR1 enhanced osteoclast formation, while activating SSTR2 decreased resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts, and activating FFAR4 decreased both number and resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts. In conclusion, we report the transcriptional reprogramming during human osteoclast differentiation and identified SSTR2 and FFAR4 as anti-resorptive G-protein coupled receptors as well as FLNB and LOX-1 as potential molecular markers of osteoclast activity. These data can help future investigations to identify molecular regulators of osteoclast differentiation and activity and provide the basis for novel anti-osteoporotic targets.

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VSIG4 inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by suppressing Nrf2-mediated reactive oxygen species production

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