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The chromatin loop release factor WAPL regulates EBV latency status by restricting LMP production [HiChIP]

ABSTRACT: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human pathogen that is etiologically linked to several cancers and has been connected to multiple sclerosis. EBV persists in its human hosts through a biphasic replication cycle that depends on three latency stages. Understanding the host mechanisms that contribute to the tight regulation of viral gene expression in the discrete states of latency III, latency II, and latency I is important for developing therapeutic approaches for treating EBV positive cancers. Regulation of the chromatin structure of the EBV genome by cohesin and CTCF plays a role in this latency type switching. However, the function of the cohesin release factor WAPL had not previously been understood. In this study, we employ RNA-seq combined with immunofluorescence analysis to determine that the cohesin release factor WAPL plays a role specifically in inhibiting the expression of the oncogenic latent membrane proteins LMP-1 and LMP-2A. Through a combination of Hi-ChIP and ChIP-qPCR, we uncover that WAPL loss alters the looping interactions within the EBV genome and alters the histone modifications present at the LMP promoter. We propose that EBV coopts WAPL to maintain a latency I state and, without WAPL, leaky expression of the LMP proteins occurs.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE248335 | GEO | 2024/08/06

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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The chromatin loop release factor WAPL regulates EBV latency status by restricting LMP production [RNA-seq]

Project description:Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human pathogen that is etiologically linked to several cancers and has been connected to multiple sclerosis. EBV persists in its human hosts through a biphasic replication cycle that depends on three latency stages. Understanding the host mechanisms that contribute to the tight regulation of viral gene expression in the discrete states of latency III, latency II, and latency I is important for developing therapeutic approaches for treating EBV positive cancers. Regulation of the chromatin structure of the EBV genome by cohesin and CTCF plays a role in this latency type switching. However, the function of the cohesin release factor WAPL had not previously been understood. In this study, we employ RNA-seq combined with immunofluorescence analysis to determine that the cohesin release factor WAPL plays a role specifically in inhibiting the expression of the oncogenic latent membrane proteins LMP-1 and LMP-2A. Through a combination of Hi-ChIP and ChIP-qPCR, we uncover that WAPL loss alters the looping interactions within the EBV genome and alters the histone modifications present at the LMP promoter. We propose that EBV coopts WAPL to maintain a latency I state and, without WAPL, leaky expression of the LMP proteins occurs.

2024-08-06 | GSE248336 | GEO

The chromatin loop release factor WAPL regulates EBV latency status by restricting LMP production

Project description:Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human pathogen that is etiologically linked to several cancers and has been connected to multiple sclerosis. EBV employs a series of latency programs, including latency III, latency II, and latency I, to persistently colonize the B-cell compartment. Each of these programs is associated with human malignancies. However, our understanding remains incomplete of how these distinct latency programs are epigenetically restricted. While regulation of the chromatin structure of the EBV genome by cohesin and CTCF contributes to genome regulation, the function of the cohesin release factor Wings Apart-Like Protein Homolog (WAPL) had not previously been understood. In this study, we employ RNA-seq combined with immunofluorescence analysis to determine that loss of WAPL leads to aberrant expression of the oncogenic latent membrane proteins LMP1 and LMP2A in latency I Burkitt lymphoma cells. Through a combination of Hi-C, Hi-ChIP, and ChIP-qPCR, we uncover that WAPL loss causes alterations in looping across the EBV genome and specifically induces formation of loops between the LMP promoter and the oriLyt enhancers. We propose that EBV coopts WAPL to maintain a strict latency I state and, without WAPL, leaky expression of the LMP proteins occurs.

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The chromatin loop release factor WAPL regulates EBV latency status by restricting LMP production

Project description:The chromatin loop release factor WAPL regulates EBV latency status by restricting LMP production

| PRJNA1102865 | ENA

The chromatin loop release factor WAPL regulates EBV latency status by restricting LMP production [HiChIP]

Project description:The chromatin loop release factor WAPL regulates EBV latency status by restricting LMP production [HiChIP]

| PRJNA1043232 | ENA

The chromatin loop release factor WAPL regulates EBV latency status by restricting LMP production [RNA-seq]

Project description:The chromatin loop release factor WAPL regulates EBV latency status by restricting LMP production [RNA-seq]

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Wapl controls higher-order chromatin structure in interphase chromosomes (gene expression)

Project description:Mammalian genomes contain several billion base pairs of DNA which are packaged in chromatin fibers. At selected gene loci, cohesin complexes have been proposed to arrange chromatin fibers into higher-order structures, but it is poorly understood how cohesin performs this task, how important this function is for determining the structure of chromosomes, and how this process is regulated to allow changes in gene expression. Here we show that the cohesin release factor Wapl controls chromatin structure and gene regulation at numerous loci throughout the mouse genome. Conditional deletion of the Wapl gene leads to stable accumulation of cohesin on chromatin, chromatin compaction, altered gene expression, cell cycle delay, chromosome segregation defects and embryonic lethality. In Wapl deficient chromosomes, cohesin accumulates in an axial domain, similar to how condensins form a M-bM-^@M-^\scaffoldM-bM-^@M-^] in mitotic chromosomes. We propose that Wapl controls chromatin structure and gene regulation by determining the residence time with which cohesin binds to DNA. 4 biological replicates for each genotype (Wapl +/F; Wapl -/F) treated with/without 4-OHT =16 samples

2013-08-09 | E-GEOD-41460 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Wapl controls higher-order chromatin structure in interphase chromosomes (ChIP-Seq)

Project description:Mammalian genomes contain several billion base pairs of DNA which are packaged in chromatin fibers. At selected gene loci, cohesin complexes have been proposed to arrange chromatin fibers into higher-order structures, but it is poorly understood how cohesin performs this task, how important this function is for determining the structure of chromosomes, and how this process is regulated to allow changes in gene expression. Here we show that the cohesin release factor Wapl controls chromatin structure and gene regulation at numerous loci throughout the mouse genome. Conditional deletion of the Wapl gene leads to stable accumulation of cohesin on chromatin, chromatin compaction, altered gene expression, cell cycle delay, chromosome segregation defects and embryonic lethality. In Wapl deficient chromosomes, cohesin accumulates in an axial domain, similar to how condensins form a “scaffold” in mitotic chromosomes. We propose that Wapl controls chromatin structure and gene regulation by determining the residence time with which cohesin binds to DNA. ChIP-Seq using two different antibodies (CTCF, Smc3); one (CTCF) and two (Smc3) replicates; two different genotypes (Wapl +/delta, Wapl -/delta). The control sample is a single-replicate INPUT for each genotype.

2013-08-09 | E-GEOD-41602 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Cohesin releases DNA through asymmetric ATPase-driven ring opening

Project description:Cohesin stably holds together the sister chromatids from S phase until mitosis. To do so, cohesin must be protected against its cellular antagonist Wapl. Eco1 acetylates cohesinâs Smc3 subunit, which locks together the sister DNAs. We used yeast genetics to dissect how Wapl drives cohesin from chromatin and identified mutants of cohesin that are impaired in ATPase activity but remarkably confer robust cohesion that bypasses the need for the cohesin protectors Eco1 in yeast and Sororin in human cells. We uncover an unexpected functional asymmetry within the heart of cohesinâs highly conserved ABC-like ATPase machinery and show that an activity associated with one of cohesinâs two ATPase sites drives DNA release from cohesin rings. This key mechanism is conserved from yeast to humans. We propose that Eco1 locks cohesin rings around the sister chromatids by counteracting an asymmetric cohesin-associated ATPase activity. Effect of mutations in Smc1 and Smc3 on cohesin loading onto chromosomes

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Scc2 counteracts a Wapl-independent mechanism that releases cohesin from chromosomes during G1

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2019-06-06 | GSE132221 | GEO

Dysregulation of RNA Pol activity at CTCF binding sites in EBV LCL ΔCTCF mutant

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